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1 law is not retrospective
Макаров: этот закон обратной силы не имеетУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > law is not retrospective
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2 the law is not retrospective
Макаров: этот закон обратной силы не имеетУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > the law is not retrospective
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3 retrospective
1. a обращённый назад или в прошлое; ретроспективный2. a относящийся к прошлому3. a имеющий обратную силуretrospective law — закон, имеющий обратную силу
retrospective statute — закон, имеющий обратную силу
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4 retrospective
[͵retrəʹspektıv] a1. обращённый назад или в прошлое; ретроспективныйa retrospective exhibition of a painter's work - итоговая выставка работ художника
2. относящийся к прошломуretrospective researches - исследование /изучение/ прошлого
3. имеющий обратную силу -
5 retrospective
ˌretrəuˈspektɪv
1. сущ.
1) ретроспектива;
взгляд в прошлое
2) выставка работ художника за весь прошлый период работы
2. прил.
1) а) обращенный в прошлое, ретроспективный б) относящийся к прошлому;
касающийся прошедшего Syn: retroactive
2) находящийся сзади;
обращенный назад retrospective view ≈ ретроспективный вид
3) юр. имеющий обратную силу обращенный назад или в прошлое;
ретроспективный - * view ретроспективный взгляд - a * exhibition of a painter's work итоговая выставка работ художника относящийся к прошлому - * researches исследование /изучение/ прошлого имеющий обратную силу - the law is not * этот закон обратной силы не имеет retrospective юр. имеющий обратную силу ~ имеющий обратную силу ~ обращенный в прошлое, ретроспективный ~ относящийся к прошлому ~ ретроспективныйБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > retrospective
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6 этот закон обратной силы не имеет
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > этот закон обратной силы не имеет
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7 retroactivo
adj.retroactive.* * *► adjetivo1 retroactive* * *ADJ retroactive, retrospectiveley con o de efecto retroactivo — retroactive o retrospective law
* * *- va adjetivo retrospective, retroactivecon efecto retroactivo — retroactively, retrospectively
* * *= retroactive.Ex. This article comments on the Federal Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 and whether or not this was retroactive and covered records of both living and dead students.----* notación retroactiva = retroactive notation.* * *- va adjetivo retrospective, retroactivecon efecto retroactivo — retroactively, retrospectively
* * *= retroactive.Ex: This article comments on the Federal Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 and whether or not this was retroactive and covered records of both living and dead students.
* notación retroactiva = retroactive notation.* * *retroactivo -varetrospective, retroactivela ley no se aplicará con efecto retroactivo the law will not be applied retroactively o retrospectivelyuna subida salarial con efecto retroactivo desde enero a salary increase backdated to January* * *
retroactivo◊ -va adjetivo
retrospective, retroactive;
un aumento con efecto retroactivo desde enero an increase backdated to January
retroactivo,-a adjetivo retroactive: la ley se aplicará con efecto retroactivo, the law will be applied retrospectively o retroactively
' retroactivo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
retroactiva
English:
boomerang
- retroactive
- retrospective
* * *retroactivo, -a adj[ley] retrospective, retroactive; [pago] backdated;* * *adj retroactive* * *retroactivo, -va adj: retroactive♦ retroactivamente adv -
8 efecto
m.1 effect (consecuencia, resultado).con efecto desde with effect fromhacer efecto to take effectsurtir efecto to have an effecttener efecto to come into o take effect (vigencia)efecto dominó domino effectefecto invernadero greenhouse effectefecto óptico optical illusionefectos secundarios side effects2 aim, purpose.al efecto, a dicho efecto, a tal efecto to that enda efectos de algo as far as something is concerneda efectos legales,… as far as the law is concerned,…, in the eyes of the law,…a todos los efectos for all practical purposes3 impression.producir buen/mal efecto to make a good/bad impression4 spin.dar efecto a to put spin on5 bill (commerce) (document).efecto de comercio commercial paperefecto de favor accommodation bill6 effectiveness, striking quality.* * *1 (resultado) effect, result, end2 (impresión) impression3 (fin) aim, object4 DEPORTE spin5 COMERCIO bill, draft\a efectos de... with the object of...a tal efecto to that endcausar efecto to make an impressionchutar con efecto to curl the ball, swerve the ballen efecto quite, yes indeedhacer buen efecto to be impressive, look goodhacer efecto to make an impression, take effect, workser de efecto retardado figurado to be slow on the uptakesurtir efecto to work, be effectiveefecto interbancario bank draft, bank billefectos de escritorio stationery singefectos especiales special effectsefectos personales personal belongingsefectos públicos public bondsefectos secundarios side effects* * *noun m.- en efecto* * *SM1) (=consecuencia) effectya empiezo a notar los efectos de la anestesia — I'm starting to feel the effect of the anaesthetic now
los cambios no produjeron ningún efecto — the changes did not have o produce frm any effect
la reforma tuvo por efecto el aumento de los ingresos — the reform had the effect of increasing revenue
•
hacer efecto — to take effectel calmante no le ha hecho ningún efecto — the sedative has had no effect on him o has not taken effect
la producción de vino se estancó por efecto de la crisis — wine production came to a halt as a result of the crisis
es de efectos retardados — hum he's a bit slow on the uptake *
efecto 2000 — (Inform) millennium bug, Y2K
efecto útil — (Mec) efficiency, output
2)• en efecto — indeed
nos encontramos, en efecto, ante un invento revolucionario — we are indeed faced with a revolutionary invention
en efecto, así es — yes, indeed o that's right
y en efecto, el libro estaba donde él dijo — sure enough, the book was where he had said it would be
3) (=vigencia)[de ley, reforma]•
efecto retroactivo, esas medidas tendrán efecto retroactivo — those measures will be applied retroactively o retrospectivelyuna subida con efectos retroactivos desde primeros de año — an increase backdated to the beginning of the year
•
tener efecto — to take effect, come into effect4) frm (=objetivo) purpose•
a efectos fiscales/prácticos — for tax/practical purposesa efectos legales — for legal purposes, in legal terms
a efectos de contrato, los dos cónyuges son copropietarios — for the purposes of the contract, husband and wife are co-owners
•
al efecto — for the purposeuna comisión designada al efecto — a specially established commission, a commission set up for the purpose
•
a efectos de hacer algo — in order to do sth•
llevar a efecto — [+ acción, cambio] to carry out; [+ acuerdo, pacto] to put into practice; [+ reunión, congreso] to hold•
a tal efecto — to this end, for this purposea tal efecto, han convocado un referéndum — to this end o for this purpose, a referendum has been called
•
a todos los efectos — to all intents and purposeslo reconoció como hijo suyo a todos los efectos — he recognized him to all intents and purposes as his son
5) (=impresión) effectno sé qué efecto tendrán mis palabras — I don't know what effect o impact my words will have
•
ser de buen/mal efecto — to create o give a good/bad impressiones de mal efecto llegar tarde a una reunión — being late for a meeting creates o gives a bad impression
6) (Dep) [gen] spin; (Ftbl) swervesacó la pelota con efecto — she put some spin on her service, she served with topspin
dar efecto a la pelota, lanzar la pelota con efecto — (Tenis) to put spin on the ball; (Ftbl) to put a swerve on the ball
8) (Numismática)* * *1) (resultado, consecuencia) effectde efecto retardado — < mecanismo> delayed-action (before n)
2) ( impresión)su conducta causó muy mal efecto — his behavior made a very bad impression o (colloq) didn't go down at all well
no sé qué efecto le causaron mis palabras — I don't know what effect my words had o what impression my words made on him
3) (Der) ( vigencia)la nueva ley tendrá efecto a partir de... — the new law will take effect o come into effect from...
con efecto a partir de... — with effect from...
4) (frml) ( fin)construido expresamente al or a tal or a este efecto — specially designed for this purpose
a efectos legales — legally (speaking) o in the eyes of the law
5) (Dep)a) ( movimiento rotatorio) spinb) ( desvío) swerve6)a) (Fin) ( valores) bill of exchange, draft•* * *1) (resultado, consecuencia) effectde efecto retardado — < mecanismo> delayed-action (before n)
2) ( impresión)su conducta causó muy mal efecto — his behavior made a very bad impression o (colloq) didn't go down at all well
no sé qué efecto le causaron mis palabras — I don't know what effect my words had o what impression my words made on him
3) (Der) ( vigencia)la nueva ley tendrá efecto a partir de... — the new law will take effect o come into effect from...
con efecto a partir de... — with effect from...
4) (frml) ( fin)construido expresamente al or a tal or a este efecto — specially designed for this purpose
a efectos legales — legally (speaking) o in the eyes of the law
5) (Dep)a) ( movimiento rotatorio) spinb) ( desvío) swerve6)a) (Fin) ( valores) bill of exchange, draft•* * *efecto11 = effect, action.Ex: Kaiser also investigated the effect of grouping subheadings of a subject.
Ex: Coates believed that in order to conceptualise an action it is necessary to visualise the thing on which the action is being performed.* a efectos de = in terms of, for the purpose of + Nombre.* a efectos prácticos = to all intents and purposes, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes, to all intents.* a tal efecto = to this effect.* a tales efectos = hereto.* atenuar el efecto = mitigate + effect.* a todos los efectos = to all intents and purposes, to all intents, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes.* causa-efecto = causal.* con efecto desde + Fecha = with effect from + Fecha.* dar el efecto de = give + the effect of.* de gran efecto = wide-reaching.* diluir el efecto = dissipate + effect.* efecto adverso = ill effect [ill-effect], adverse effect.* efecto bola de nieve = snowball effect.* efecto coercitivo = chilling effect.* efecto de halo = halo effect.* efecto de la guerra = effect of war.* efecto del santo = halo effect.* efecto desastroso = chilling effect.* efecto dominó = knock-on effect, chain reaction.* efecto dominó, el = ripple effect, the, domino effect, the.* efecto duradero = lasting effect, long-lasting effect.* efecto especial = special effect.* efecto final = net effect.* efecto invernadero, el = greenhouse effect, the.* efecto látigo, el = whip effect, the.* efecto moderador = toned effect.* efecto multiplicador = multiplier effect.* efecto nefasto = deleterious effect.* efecto negativo = ill effect [ill-effect], chilling effect, blowback.* efecto nocivo = damaging effect, toxic effect, harmful effect.* efecto óptico = optical illusion.* efecto perjudicial = damaging effect, harmful effect.* efecto positivo = beneficial effect, positive effect.* efecto profundo = profound effect.* efecto represivo = chilling effect.* efecto secundario = side effect [side-effect], spillover effect, after effect [after-effect].* efecto sicológico = psychological effect.* efecto sonoro = sound effect.* efectos secundarios = knock-on effect.* efecto tóxico = toxic effect.* efecto visual = visual.* emisión de gases de efecto invernadero = carbon emission.* en efecto = to all intents and purposes, for all intents and purposes.* estropear el efecto = spoil + effect.* gas que produce el efecto invernadero = greenhouse gas.* intensificar el efecto de algo = intensify + effect.* los efectos negativos se están dejando sentir ahora = chickens come home to roost.* luchar con los efectos adversos de = combat + the effects of.* mitigar el efecto = mitigate + effect.* mitigar el efecto de Algo = minimise + effect.* paliar el efecto = mitigate + effect.* para todos los efectos prácticos = for all practical purposes.* profundo efecto = profound effect.* protegerse de los efectos de Algo = ward off + effects.* relación causa-efecto = cause-effect relation, causal relationship.* sentir los efectos de = feel + the effects of.* sufrir el efecto de Algo = suffer + effect.* surtir efecto = take + effect, have + effect, pay off, pay, come into + effect.* tener efecto = take + effect.* tener efecto sobre = impinge on/upon.* tener su efecto = take + Posesivo + toll (on).* tener un efecto adverso sobre = have + an adverse effect on.efecto2* efecto bancario = bank draft, banker's draft, banker's cheque.* efectos negociables = commercial paper.* efectos personales = personal belongings, belongings.* tienda de efectos navales = chandlery.efecto33 = topspin.Ex: In order to be effective with passing shots, you need to be able to impart a lot of topspin on the ball.
* * *A1 (resultado, consecuencia) effectel castigo surtió efecto the punishment had the desired effectlas medidas no han producido el efecto deseado ( frml); the measures have not had the desired effectun calmante de efecto inmediato a fast-acting painkillerya ha empezado a hacerle efecto la anestesia the anesthetic has begun to work o to take effectbajo los efectos del alcohol under the influence of alcoholmedidas para paliar los efectos de la sequía measures to alleviate the effects of the droughtla operación se llevó a efecto con gran rapidez ( frml); the operation was carried out extremely swiftlyde efecto retardado ‹bomba/mecanismo› delayed-action ( before n)2en efecto indeeden efecto, así ocurrió it did indeed happen like thatestamos, en efecto, presenciando un hecho único we are indeed witnessing an extraordinary event¿es usted el doctor? — en efecto are you the doctor? —I am indeedCompuestos:puede tener un efecto bumerán it may boomerang o backfiredomino effectgreenhouse effectoptical illusionla ley no tendrá efecto retroactivo the law will not be retroactive o retrospectiveel aumento se aplicará con efecto retroactivo the increase will be backdatedside effectmpl stage effects (pl)mpl special effects (pl)mpl sound effects (pl)mpl visual effects (pl)mpl videographics (pl)B(impresión): su conducta causó muy mal efecto his behavior gave a very bad impression o ( colloq) didn't go down at all wellno sé qué efecto le causaron mis palabras I do not know what effect my words had o what impression my words made on himC ( Der) (vigencia) effectla nueva ley tendrá efecto a partir de octubre the new law will take effect o come into effect from OctoberD ( frml)(fin): el edificio ha sido construido expresamente al or a tal or a este efecto the new building has been specially designed for this purposedebe rellenar el formulario que se le enviará a estos efectos you must fill in the relevant form which will be sent to youa efectos legales tal matrimonio es inexistente legally (speaking) o in the eyes of the law o for legal purposes such a marriage does not existse trasladó a Bruselas a (los) efectos de firmar el acuerdo she traveled to Brussels to sign o in order to sign the agreementestos gastos se admiten a efectos de desgravación de impuestos these expenses are tax-deductibletendrá que comparecer ante el juez a los efectos oportunos he must appear before the judge to complete the necessary formalitiesa todos los efectos un joven de 18 años es un adulto to all intents and purposes a youth of 18 is an adultE(fenómeno científico): el efecto de Barnum the Barnum effectF ( Dep)1 (movimiento rotatorio) spinle dio a la bola con efecto she put some spin on the ball2 (desvío) swervetiró la pelota con efecto he made the ball swerveGefectos negociables commercial paperCompuestos:bill of exchange( frml); postage stampmpl bank bills (pl), bank papermpl chandlerympl personal effects (pl)* * *
efecto sustantivo masculino
1
un calmante de efecto inmediato a fast-acting painkiller;
mecanismo de efecto retardado delayed-action mechanism;
bajo los efectos del alcohol under the influence of alcohol;
efecto dos mil (Inf) millennium bug;
efecto invernadero greenhouse effect;
efecto óptico optical illusion;
efecto secundario side effect;
efectos especiales special effects;
efectos sonoros sound effectsb)
( así es) indeed
2 ( impresión):◊ su conducta causó mal efecto his behavior made a bad impression o (colloq) didn't go down well;
no sé qué efecto le causaron mis palabras I don't know what effect my words had on him
3 (Dep) ( desvío) swerve;
( movimiento rotatorio) spin;
4
efecto sustantivo masculino
1 (consecuencia, resultado) effect: no tiene efectos secundarios, it has no side effects
se marea por efecto de la medicación, she feels ill because of the medicine
2 (impresión) impression: su discurso no me causó el menor efecto, his speech made no impression on me
hace mal efecto, it makes a bad impression
efectos especiales, special effects
3 (fin, propósito) purpose: se le comunica al efecto de que.., you are informed that... 4 efectos personales, personal belongings o effects
5 Meteor efecto invernadero, greenhouse effect
6 Dep spin
♦ Locuciones: a efectos de..., for the purposes of...
su firma es válida a todos los efectos, his signature is valid for any purpose
surtir efecto, to take effect: nuestro plan no surtió efecto, our plan didn't work out
' efecto' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ambiente
- consecuencia
- deberse
- destructor
- destructora
- difusor
- difusora
- ser
- estabilizador
- estabilizadora
- fulminante
- golpe
- imagen
- impresión
- imprimir
- incidir
- influencia
- invernadero
- mella
- mirada
- obra
- prohibición
- resultado
- retardada
- retardado
- retroactiva
- retroactivo
- surtir
- swing
- afectar
- agradable
- compensar
- denominar
- disuasivo
- enfoque
- impactante
- inmediato
- pasar
- recorte
- relación
- simular
- soporífero
- surrealista
- trascendental
English:
act
- actually
- adverse
- aerial
- after-effect
- bite
- boomerang
- cause
- domino effect
- effect
- effectively
- enough
- evil
- fall
- flourish
- fuck
- greenhouse effect
- heighten
- leverage
- ripple effect
- send
- side
- some
- special
- spin
- void
- wear off
- work
- after
- draft
- effective
- green
- indeed
- millennium
- sedation
- succeed
- sure
* * *♦ nm1. [consecuencia, resultado] effect;los efectos del terremoto fueron devastadores the effects of the earthquake were devastating;sus declaraciones causaron el efecto que él esperaba his statements had the desired effect;el analfabetismo es un efecto de la falta de escuelas illiteracy is a result of the lack of schools;la decisión de bajar los tipos de interés tuvo un efecto explosivo the decision to lower interest rates had an explosive impact;un medicamento de efecto inmediato a fast-acting medicine;un mecanismo de efecto retardado a delayed-action mechanism;Espconducía o Am [m5] manejaba bajo los efectos del alcohol she was driving under the influence (of alcohol);hacer efecto to take effect;todavía no me ha hecho efecto la aspirina the aspirin still hasn't taken effect;llevar algo a efecto to put sth into effect, to implement sth;el desalojo de las viviendas se llevará a efecto mañana the evacuation of the homes will be carried out tomorrow;llevaron a efecto sus promesas/amenazas they made good o carried out their promises/threats;surtir efecto to have an effect, to be effective;las medidas contra el desempleo no han surtido efecto the measures against unemployment haven't had any effect o haven't been effective;por efecto de as a result of;el incendio se declaró por efecto de las altas temperaturas the fire broke out as a result of the high temperaturesInformát el efecto 2000 the millennium bug;efecto bumerán boomerang effect;efecto dominó domino effect;Fís efecto Doppler Doppler effect;efecto fotoeléctrico photoelectric effect;efecto invernadero greenhouse effect;efecto mariposa butterfly effect;efecto óptico optical illusion;efecto placebo placebo effect;efectos secundarios side effects;Fís efecto túnel tunnel effect2. [finalidad] aim, purpose;al efecto, a dicho efecto, a tal efecto to that end;rogamos contacte con nosotros, a tal efecto le adjuntamos… you are requested to contact us, and to that end please find attached…;un andamio levantado al efecto scaffolding erected for the purpose;las medidas propuestas a dicho efecto the measures proposed to this end;a estos efectos, se te suministrará el material necesario you will be provided with the necessary materials for this purpose;a efectos fiscales, estos ingresos no cuentan this income is not counted for tax purposes, this income is not taxable;a efectos legales, esta empresa ya no existe as far as the law is concerned o in the eyes of the law, this company no longer exists;a todos los efectos el propietario es usted for all practical purposes you are the owner3. [impresión] impression;sus declaraciones causaron gran efecto his statements made a great impression;nos hizo mucho efecto la noticia the news came as quite a shock to us;producir buen/mal efecto to make a good/bad impression4. [vigencia] effect;con efecto desde with effect from;con efecto retroactivo retroactively;con efecto inmediato with immediate effect;un juez ha declarado sin efecto esta norma municipal a judge has declared this by-law null and void;¿desde cuándo tiene efecto esa norma? how long has that law been in force?5. [de balón, bola] spin;lanzó la falta con mucho efecto he put a lot of bend on the free kick;dar efecto a la pelota, golpear la pelota con efecto [en tenis] to put spin on the ball, to spin the ball;[en fútbol] to put bend on the ball, to bend the ball;dar a la bola efecto de la derecha/izquierda [en billar] to put right-hand/left-hand side on the ball;dar a la bola efecto alto [en billar] to put topspin on the ballefecto bancario bank bill;efectos a cobrar bills receivable;efecto de comercio commercial paper;efectos del estado government securities;efecto de favor accommodation bill;efecto interbancario bank draft;efectos a pagar bills payable;efectos públicos government securities♦ efectos nmplefectos sonoros sound effects;efectos visuales visual effects3. [mercancías] goodsefectos de consumo consumer goods♦ en efecto loc advindeed;y, en efecto, fuimos a visitar la ciudad and we did indeed visit the city;¿lo hiciste tú? – en efecto did you do it? – I did indeed o indeed I did* * *m1 effect;surtir efecto take effect, work;efecto a largo plazo long-term effect;aplicarse con efecto retroactivo be applied retroactively;la subida con efecto retroactivo de las pensiones the retroactive increase in pensions;llevar a efecto carry out;dejar sin efecto negate, undo2:hacer buen/mal efecto give o create a good/bad impression3:al efecto for the purpose;en efecto indeed* * *efecto nm1) : effect2)en efecto : actually, in fact3) efectos nmpl: goods, propertyefectos personales: personal effects* * *efecto n1. (en general) effect2. (pelota) spin -
9 Rückwirkung
f1. repercussion* * *die Rückwirkungretroactivity; backlash* * *Rụ̈ck|wir|kungfrepercussioneine Zahlung/Gesetzesänderung mit Rückwirkung vom... — a payment backdated to/an amendment made retrospective to...
* * *(a change of opinions, feelings etc (usually against someone or something): The new government was popular at first, but then a reaction began.) reaction* * *Rück·wir·kungf repercussion; von Vertrag retroactive effect▪ \Rückwirkungen haben auf to have repercussions on/fordas Gesetz hat keine \Rückwirkung the law is not retroactive▪ mit \Rückwirkung vom with retroactive [or retrospective] effect from* * *1) (zeitlich) retrospective forcemit Rückwirkung vom... — [retrospectively] as from...
2) (Auswirkung) repercussion (auf + Akk. on)* * *1. repercussion2. JUR:mit Rückwirkung vom with retrospective (US retroactive) effect from* * *1) (zeitlich) retrospective forcemit Rückwirkung vom... — [retrospectively] as from...
2) (Auswirkung) repercussion (auf + Akk. on)* * *f.backlash n.repercussion n.retroaction n.retroactivity n. -
10 сила
сущ.force; strength; ( могущество) might; power; ( правомочность) forceвоздерживаться от угрозы силой или её применения (в международных отношениях) — to refrain from the threat or use of force (in international relations)
вступать в силу — (о договоре, законе и т.п.) to become effective (operative); come (enter) into effect (into force); come into operation; take effect; амер тж to inure
иметь силу — (законную, юридическую) to be effective (operative, valid); hold (stand) good (in law); ( высшую юридическую силу) to have supreme legal force; ( обратную силу) to have a retroactive (retrospective) effect (force); relate back (to); ( преимущественную силу) to prevail
иметь силу национальной (международной) заявки — пат to have the effect (force) of a national ( or an international) application
лишать юридической силы — to deprive of (legal) effect; destroy; disable; invalidate; make nil; make (null and) void; vitiate; void
оставаться в силе (сохранять силу) — to continue (remain) in force; hold (stand) good
придавать законную (юридическую) силу — to legalize; validate
санкционировать законное применение силы — to authorize the lawful (legal, legitimate) use of force
в силу чего-л — by reason (of); by (in) virtue (of); under authority (of)
до вступления (договора и т.п.) в силу — prior to (the date of) entry into force
вступающий в силу — ( с такого-то числа) with effect ( from)
вступление в силу — ( договора) entry ( of a treaty) into force
(законное) применение силы — (lawful / legal / legitimate) use of force
имеющий законную силу — effective; operative; valid; (in law); ( обратную силу) retroactive; retrospective; ( исковую силу) actionable; enforceable; ( обязательную силу) legally binding; ( преимущественную силу) overriding
лишение юридической силы — invalidation; vitiation
не вступивший в силу — (на дату...) not in effect (in force) (as of...)
не имеющий юридической силы — ineffective; inoperative; invalid; null and void; void; ( исковой силы) unenforceable
- сила законаприменение силы — use of (resort to) force; ( прямое или косвенное) direct or indirect use of force
- силы по поддержанию мира
- вооружённые силы
- движущая сила - избыточная сила
- исковая сила
- многосторонние ядерные силы
- непреодолимая сила
- нерегулярные силы
- обратная сила
- обязательная сила
- покупательная сила
- превосходящие силы
- принудительная сила
- производительная сила
- рабочая сила
- сдерживающая сила права
- ударная сила - юридическая сила -
11 antiguo
adj.1 ancient, early, antique, long-standing.2 former, olden, one-time, sometime.3 outdated, of a bygone era, archaic, outmoded.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: antiguar.* * *► adjetivo2 (en empleo) senior3 (pasado) old-fashioned4 (anterior) former1 the ancients\a la antigua in an old-fashioned wayde antiguo since ancient times* * *(f. - antigua)adj.1) old2) ancient3) former* * *antiguo, -a1. ADJ1) (=viejo) [ciudad, costumbre] old; [coche] vintage; [mueble, objeto, libro] antique•
a la antigua (usanza) — in the old-fashioned waycocinan a la antigua usanza — they cook in the old style o in the old-fashioned way
•
de o desde antiguo — from time immemorialchapado, música•
en lo antiguo — in olden days liter, in ancient times2) ( Hist) [civilización, restos] ancientedad 2)el palacio árabe más antiguo — the oldest Arab palace, the most ancient Arab palace
3) (=anterior) old, formerla antigua capilla, ahora sala de exposiciones — the old o former chapel, now an exhibition hall
un antiguo novio — an old boyfriend, an ex-boyfriend
mi antiguo jefe — my former boss, my ex-boss
alumnoel socio más antiguo — the most senior member, the longest-standing member, the oldest member
4) (=anticuado) [traje, estilo, persona] old-fashioned; [mentalidad] outdated2. SM / F1) (=anticuado)tu madre es una antigua — your mother is really old-fashioned, your mother is a real fuddy-duddy *
2) (=veterano)3) ( Hist)* * *- gua adjetivo1)a) ( viejo) <ciudad/libro> old; <ruinas/civilización> ancient; <mueble/lámpara> antique, old; < coche> vintage, old; <costumbre/tradición> oldb) ( veterano) old, long-standingc) (en locs)de or desde antiguo — from time immemorial
2) (delante del n) ( de antes) old (before n), former (before n)3) ( anticuado) old-fashioned* * *= ancient, early [earlier -comp., earliest -sup.], former, old [older -comp., oldest -sup.], long-standing, age-old, sometime + Nombre, erstwhile, overaged, olde, retrospective, timeworn, antique.Ex. But this traditional stance conceals an ancient feud between cataloguers and reference librarians over the true function of the library catalogue.Ex. Microforms are easy to use, although there were early reservations concerning the fact that users need to become familiar with any specific kind of microform and its reader.Ex. This person acted as the liaison with the former UNIMARC Working Group.Ex. These circumvent many of the problems that must be tackled in subject indexing such as the emergence of new terms and new meanings for old words.Ex. The struggle to make the library an integral part of the educational process is a long-standing one which has yet to be resolved.Ex. The current environment in higher education is providing an opportunity for librarians to define a future that will ensure their central role in the educational process and thus resolve these remaining age-old questions.Ex. One of the most successful is the system devised by Dyson, sometime editor of CA.Ex. This article relates the professional experiences of an erstwhile academic librarian.Ex. Bielefeld University is replacing its overaged mainframe data processing systems in the library.Ex. The article 'Ye olde smart card' presents an annotated list of information sources on the credit card industry.Ex. It seems appropriate to take a retrospective look at the evolution of our catalog and the ideology which has shaped it.Ex. But beyond the honeymoon hotels and resorts, Polynesian life goes on and timeworn traditions are preserved.Ex. A small cranberry tree surrounded by holly sits on an antique marble-top table.----* a la antigua = old-style.* a la antigua usanza = old-style.* antigua esposa = ex-wife.* antigua gloria = Posesivo + former glory.* antigua grandeza = Posesivo + former glory.* Antigua Grecia = Ancient Greece.* antigua novia = ex-girlfriend.* antigua Roma = ancient Rome.* antiguo alumno = alumnus [alumni, -pl.], alum.* antiguo esplendor = Posesivo + former glory.* antiguo periodista = ex-journalist.* antiguo régimen, el = ancient regime, the.* antiguos egipcios, los = ancient Egyptians, the.* antiguo soldado = ex-soldier.* Antiguo Testamento, el = Old Testament (O.T.), the.* asociación de antiguos alumnos = alumni association.* casco antiguo = old town.* casco antiguo de la ciudad, el = oldest part of the city, the.* chapado a la antigua = fuddy-duddy.* de antigua generación = low-end.* de antiguo = from time immemorial.* desde antiguo = from time immemorial.* desde muy antiguo = since olden times.* en el mundo antiguo = in antiquity.* impreso antiguo = old print.* ISBD(A) (Descripción Bibliográfica Normalizada Internacional - material anti = ISBD(A) (International Standard Bibliographic Description - Antiquarian).* ley antigua = ancient law.* libro antiguo = old book, rare book.* más antiguo = longest-serving.* más antiguo, el = seniormost, the.* muy antiguo = centuries-old.* obra antigua = ancient work.* periódicos antiguos = old newspapers.* recuperar + Posesivo + antigua grandeza = regain + Posesivo + former glory.* recuperar + Posesivo + antiguo esplendor = regain + Posesivo + former glory.* recuperar + Posesivo + antiguo gloria = regain + Posesivo + former glory.* red de antiguos compañeros = old boy network.* restituir Algo a su antigua grandeza = restore + Nombre + to + Posesivo + former glory.* reunión de antiguos alumnos = class reunion.* ser muy antiguo = go back + a long way.* vestido a la antigua = frumpy [frumpier -comp., frumpiest -sup.], frumpish.* * *- gua adjetivo1)a) ( viejo) <ciudad/libro> old; <ruinas/civilización> ancient; <mueble/lámpara> antique, old; < coche> vintage, old; <costumbre/tradición> oldb) ( veterano) old, long-standingc) (en locs)de or desde antiguo — from time immemorial
2) (delante del n) ( de antes) old (before n), former (before n)3) ( anticuado) old-fashioned* * *= ancient, early [earlier -comp., earliest -sup.], former, old [older -comp., oldest -sup.], long-standing, age-old, sometime + Nombre, erstwhile, overaged, olde, retrospective, timeworn, antique.Ex: But this traditional stance conceals an ancient feud between cataloguers and reference librarians over the true function of the library catalogue.
Ex: Microforms are easy to use, although there were early reservations concerning the fact that users need to become familiar with any specific kind of microform and its reader.Ex: This person acted as the liaison with the former UNIMARC Working Group.Ex: These circumvent many of the problems that must be tackled in subject indexing such as the emergence of new terms and new meanings for old words.Ex: The struggle to make the library an integral part of the educational process is a long-standing one which has yet to be resolved.Ex: The current environment in higher education is providing an opportunity for librarians to define a future that will ensure their central role in the educational process and thus resolve these remaining age-old questions.Ex: One of the most successful is the system devised by Dyson, sometime editor of CA.Ex: This article relates the professional experiences of an erstwhile academic librarian.Ex: Bielefeld University is replacing its overaged mainframe data processing systems in the library.Ex: The article 'Ye olde smart card' presents an annotated list of information sources on the credit card industry.Ex: It seems appropriate to take a retrospective look at the evolution of our catalog and the ideology which has shaped it.Ex: But beyond the honeymoon hotels and resorts, Polynesian life goes on and timeworn traditions are preserved.Ex: A small cranberry tree surrounded by holly sits on an antique marble-top table.* a la antigua = old-style.* a la antigua usanza = old-style.* antigua esposa = ex-wife.* antigua gloria = Posesivo + former glory.* antigua grandeza = Posesivo + former glory.* Antigua Grecia = Ancient Greece.* antigua novia = ex-girlfriend.* antigua Roma = ancient Rome.* antiguo alumno = alumnus [alumni, -pl.], alum.* antiguo esplendor = Posesivo + former glory.* antiguo periodista = ex-journalist.* antiguo régimen, el = ancient regime, the.* antiguos egipcios, los = ancient Egyptians, the.* antiguo soldado = ex-soldier.* Antiguo Testamento, el = Old Testament (O.T.), the.* asociación de antiguos alumnos = alumni association.* casco antiguo = old town.* casco antiguo de la ciudad, el = oldest part of the city, the.* chapado a la antigua = fuddy-duddy.* de antigua generación = low-end.* de antiguo = from time immemorial.* desde antiguo = from time immemorial.* desde muy antiguo = since olden times.* en el mundo antiguo = in antiquity.* impreso antiguo = old print.* ISBD(A) (Descripción Bibliográfica Normalizada Internacional - material anti = ISBD(A) (International Standard Bibliographic Description - Antiquarian).* ley antigua = ancient law.* libro antiguo = old book, rare book.* más antiguo = longest-serving.* más antiguo, el = seniormost, the.* muy antiguo = centuries-old.* obra antigua = ancient work.* periódicos antiguos = old newspapers.* recuperar + Posesivo + antigua grandeza = regain + Posesivo + former glory.* recuperar + Posesivo + antiguo esplendor = regain + Posesivo + former glory.* recuperar + Posesivo + antiguo gloria = regain + Posesivo + former glory.* red de antiguos compañeros = old boy network.* restituir Algo a su antigua grandeza = restore + Nombre + to + Posesivo + former glory.* reunión de antiguos alumnos = class reunion.* ser muy antiguo = go back + a long way.* vestido a la antigua = frumpy [frumpier -comp., frumpiest -sup.], frumpish.* * *A1 (viejo) ‹casa/ciudad› old; ‹ruinas/civilización› ancient; ‹mueble/lámpara› antique, old; ‹libro› old; ‹coche› vintage, oldla parte antigua de la ciudad the old part of the cityla antigua Roma ancient Romeuna costumbre muy antigua an ancient o a very old customes mejor no reavivar antiguas rencillas it's best not to revive old quarrels2 (veterano) old, long-standinges uno de nuestros más antiguos clientes he's one of our oldest customers3 ( en locs):a la antigua in an old-fashioned wayse viste a la antigua she dresses in an old-fashioned way o stylechapado a la antigua old-fashionedde or desde antiguo from time immemorialuna tradición que viene de antiguo a tradition which dates from time immemorialCompuestos:masculine ancien régimemasculine Old Testamentun antiguo novio an ex-boyfriend o old boyfriendvisitamos mi antiguo colegio we visited my old schoolRío, antigua capital del Brasil Rio, the former capital of BrazilC (anticuado) ‹persona/estilo› old-fashionedtiene una cara muy antigua she has a very old-fashioned kind of face, her face seems to belong to another era* * *
antiguo◊ - gua adjetivo
1
‹ruinas/civilización› ancient;
‹mueble/lámpara› antique, old;
‹ coche› vintage, old;
‹costumbre/tradición› old;
c) ( en locs)
chapado a la antigua old-fashioned;
de or desde antiguo from time immemorial
2 ( delante del n) ( de antes) old ( before n), former ( before n);
3 ( anticuado) old-fashioned
antiguo,-a adjetivo
1 old, ancient: Antiguo Testamento, Old Testament
2 (pasado de moda) old-fashioned
3 (empleado, cargo) senior
4 (anterior) former
' antiguo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
antigua
- casco
- decana
- decano
- entre
- restituir
- sellar
- testamento
- ver
- combatiente
- viejo
English:
alumnus
- ancient
- antique
- become
- dissociate
- encounter
- ex-
- flame
- former
- gramophone
- imperial mile
- long-standing
- old
- old-style
- one
- paper
- take over
- testament
- erstwhile
- further
- long
- past
- sometime
- veteran
- vintage car
* * *antiguo, -a♦ adj1. [viejo] old;[inmemorial] ancient;un antiguo amigo/enemigo an old friend/enemyantiguo alumno [de colegio] ex-pupil, former pupil, US alumnus;una reunión de antiguos alumnos a school reunion;el antiguo continente [Europa] Europe;la antigua Roma Ancient Rome;el Antiguo Testamento the Old Testament2. [anterior, previo] former;la antigua Unión Soviética the former Soviet Unionel antiguo régimen the former regime; Hist the ancien régime3. [veterano]los miembros/empleados más antiguos tienen preferencia preference is given to the longest-serving members/employees;los vecinos más antiguos the neighbours who've been here longest4. [pasado de moda] old-fashioned;a la antigua in an old-fashioned way;chapado a la antigua stuck in the past, old-fashioned♦ nm,f1. [persona] old-fashioned person;su tío es un antiguo her uncle is very old-fashioned2.los antiguos [de la Antigüedad] the ancients* * *su antiguo novio her old o former boyfriend;a la antigua in the old-fashioned way;edad antigua ancient times pl* * *1) : ancient, old2) : former3) : old-fashioneda la antigua: in the old-fashioned way* * *antiguo adj1. (mueble, cuadro, etc) antique2. (casa, coche) old3. (idioma, cultura) ancient4. (anterior) former5. (en el trabajo) senior6. (anticuado) old fashioned¡qué ideas más antiguas tienes! what old fashioned ideas you've got! -
12 invalidar
v.to invalidate.* * *1 to invalidate* * *VT [+ certificado, resultado] to invalidate, nullify; [+ decisión] to reverse; [+ leyes] to repeal* * ** * *= negate, override, overturn, render + redundant, render + suspect, render + wrong, rule out, rule out, short-circuit [shortcircuit], stultify, eviscerate, deflate, invalidate, preempt [pre-empt], pull + the plug on, overrule, void, make + redundant.Ex. Thus excessive delays in the availability of cataloguing records from the central agency will negate much of the value of a central service.Ex. On the final screen in the sequence, the default values for today's closing time and tomorrow's opening time may be overridden.Ex. However, any refinement involves greater human intervention, and this in turn can easily overturn the arguments in favour of subject indexes based upon titles.Ex. We need to replace those aspects of traditional public library service which have been taken over by other media or rendered redundant by social change.Ex. Poor standards of cataloguing in the past render many examples of retrospective music bibliography suspect.Ex. Further, changes in the external world serve to render judgments, valid at the moment, wrong at best, and detrimental to the effectiveness of the catalog at worst.Ex. If, however, we index documents about primary schools under the term primary school, we can immediately rule out a lot of irrelevant documents in our search.Ex. If, however, we index documents about primary schools under the term primary school, we can immediately rule out a lot of irrelevant documents in our search.Ex. There is little modulation, whole steps of division being short-circuited and an odd assembly of terms being frequently found: e.g.: LAW see also JURY, JUDGES.Ex. Excessive standardisation also tends to stultify development and improvement of IT products.Ex. Also, to become emotionally wedded to a particular view is to eviscerate one's effectiveness in achieving a workable solution.Ex. These developments deflate some traditional assumptions about and privileges associated with scientific and technical knowledge.Ex. However, in November 1976, with the eighth edition still hot from the press, the decision to revert wholly to indirect subdivision was implemented, thus invalidating a substantial part of the Introduction to the eighth edition.Ex. This article concludes that the main value of the indicators is as a management tool, as a means of preempting problems.Ex. However, the effects of media conglomeration on Times Mirror for bottom line results would pull the plug on the New York venture that was nearing its provisional term and beginning to show positive results.Ex. President Eisenhower overruled some of his military commanders in summer 1958, ordering them not to use nuclear weapons against China.Ex. However, in the case when the user's input fails, we would like to void the reserved funds.Ex. In one breath you say it's not very valuable and technologies will soon be here to make it redundant and in the next breath boast of its capabilities - you just can't have it both ways!.----* invalidar las críticas = disarm + criticism.* invalidar las quejas = disarm + complaints.* invalidar un argumento = invalidate + argument.* * ** * *= negate, override, overturn, render + redundant, render + suspect, render + wrong, rule out, rule out, short-circuit [shortcircuit], stultify, eviscerate, deflate, invalidate, preempt [pre-empt], pull + the plug on, overrule, void, make + redundant.Ex: Thus excessive delays in the availability of cataloguing records from the central agency will negate much of the value of a central service.
Ex: On the final screen in the sequence, the default values for today's closing time and tomorrow's opening time may be overridden.Ex: However, any refinement involves greater human intervention, and this in turn can easily overturn the arguments in favour of subject indexes based upon titles.Ex: We need to replace those aspects of traditional public library service which have been taken over by other media or rendered redundant by social change.Ex: Poor standards of cataloguing in the past render many examples of retrospective music bibliography suspect.Ex: Further, changes in the external world serve to render judgments, valid at the moment, wrong at best, and detrimental to the effectiveness of the catalog at worst.Ex: If, however, we index documents about primary schools under the term primary school, we can immediately rule out a lot of irrelevant documents in our search.Ex: If, however, we index documents about primary schools under the term primary school, we can immediately rule out a lot of irrelevant documents in our search.Ex: There is little modulation, whole steps of division being short-circuited and an odd assembly of terms being frequently found: e.g.: LAW see also JURY, JUDGES.Ex: Excessive standardisation also tends to stultify development and improvement of IT products.Ex: Also, to become emotionally wedded to a particular view is to eviscerate one's effectiveness in achieving a workable solution.Ex: These developments deflate some traditional assumptions about and privileges associated with scientific and technical knowledge.Ex: However, in November 1976, with the eighth edition still hot from the press, the decision to revert wholly to indirect subdivision was implemented, thus invalidating a substantial part of the Introduction to the eighth edition.Ex: This article concludes that the main value of the indicators is as a management tool, as a means of preempting problems.Ex: However, the effects of media conglomeration on Times Mirror for bottom line results would pull the plug on the New York venture that was nearing its provisional term and beginning to show positive results.Ex: President Eisenhower overruled some of his military commanders in summer 1958, ordering them not to use nuclear weapons against China.Ex: However, in the case when the user's input fails, we would like to void the reserved funds.Ex: In one breath you say it's not very valuable and technologies will soon be here to make it redundant and in the next breath boast of its capabilities - you just can't have it both ways!.* invalidar las críticas = disarm + criticism.* invalidar las quejas = disarm + complaints.* invalidar un argumento = invalidate + argument.* * *invalidar [A1 ]vt‹documento› to invalidate, nullify; ‹premisa/argumento› to invalidate* * *
invalidar verbo transitivo to invalidate
' invalidar' also found in these entries:
English:
invalidate
- negate
- overrule
- over
* * *invalidar vt[sujeto: circunstancias] to invalidate; [sujeto: juez] to declare invalid;les invalidaron dos goles they had two goals disallowed* * *v/t invalidate* * *invalidar vt: to nullify, to invalidate -
13 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. The Oxford Book of Portuguese Verse: XIIth Century-XXth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1925, 1952 (2nd edition, B. Vi-digal, ed.).■. Portuguese Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922, 1970 (2nd edition, B. Vidigal, ed.).■ Bleiberg, German, Maureen Ihrie, and Janet Pérez, eds. Dictionary of the Literature of the Iberian Peninsula, 2 vols. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1993.■ Castro, Francisco Lyon de, ed. História da literatura portuguesa, 7 vols. Lisbon: Alfa, 2001-02.■ Cidade, Hernani. Lições de Cultura e Literatura Portuguesa, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1960-62.■ Cook, Manuela. Portuguese: A Complete Course for Beginners. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1996. Figueiredo, Fidelino. História literária de Portugal. Coimbra, 1944. Gentile, Georges Le. La Littérature Portugaise. Rev. ed. Paris, 1951. Kunoff, Hugo. Portuguese Literature from Its Origins to 1990: A Bibliography Based on the Collections at Indiana University. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1994.■ Longland, Jean. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry. A Bilingual Selection. Irvington-on-Hudson: Harvey House, 1966. Prado Coelho, Jacinto do. Dicionário das Literaturas Portuguesas, Galega e Brasileira, 3rd ed. Oporto, 1978. Rossi, Giuseppe C. Storia della letteratura portoghesa. Florence, 1953.■ Santos, João Camilo dos. "Portuguese Contemporary Literature." In Antônio Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 218-42. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.■ Saraiva, Antônio José. História da cultura em Portugal, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1950-60.■. História da Literatura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1990 ed.■, and Oscar Lopes. História da Literatura Portuguesa. Oporto and Coimbra, 1992 ed.■ Seguier, Jaime de, ed. Dicionário Prático Ilustrado. Oporto: Lello, 1961 and later eds.■ Simões, João Gaspar. História da poesia portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1955-56 and later eds.■. História da poesia portuguesa do século XX. Lisbon, 1959 and later eds.■ Stern, Irwin, ed.-in-chief. Dictionary of Brazilian Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1988.■ TRAVEL AND TOURIST GUIDES ON PORTUGAL■ Ballard, Sam, and Jane Ballard. Pousadas of Portugal: Unique Lodgings in State-owned Castles, Palaces, Mansions and Hotels. Boston: Harvard Common, 1986.■ Bridge, Ann, and Susan Lowndes Marques. The Selective Traveller in Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1968.■ Ellingham, Mark, et al. Portugal: The Rough Guide. London: Rough Guides, 2008 ed.■ Hogg, Anthony. Travellers' Portugal. London: Solo Mio, 1983.■ Kite, Cynthia, and Ralph Kite. Portuguese Country Inns & Pousadas. New York: Warner Books; Karen Brown's Country Inn Series, 1988.■ Lowndes, Susan, ed. Fodor's Portugal 1991. New York: Fodor's, 1990.■ Proença Raúl, and Sant'anna Dionísio, eds. Guía De Portugal. I. Generalidades. Lisboa E, Arredores. Lisbon: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1924; 1983.■ Robertson, Ian. Portugal: Blue Guide. London: Benn; New York: Norton, 2000 and later eds.■ Stoop, Anne de. Living in Portugal. Paris and New York: Flammarion, 1995. Wright, David, and Patrick Swift. Minho and North Portugal: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1968.■. Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1971.■. Algarve: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1973.■ HISTORY OF PORTUGAL Ancient and Medieval (2000 BCE-1415 CE)■ Alarção, Jorge de. Roman Portugal. Volume I: Introduction. Warminster, U.K., 1988.■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História de Portugal. Vol. I. Coimbra, 1922. Arnaut, Salvador Dias. A Crise Nacional dos fins do século XVI. Vol. 1. Coimbra, 1960.■ Baião, Antônio, Hernani Cidade, and Manuel Múrias, eds. História de Expansão Portuguesa no Mundo, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1937-40. Caetano, Marcello. Lições de História do Direito Português. Coimbra, 1962. Cortesão, Jaime. Os Factores Democráticos no Formação de Portugal. Lisbon, 1960.■ David, Pierre. Etudes Historiques sur la Galice et le Portugal du VI au XII siécle. Paris, 1947.■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone. Portugal's Secret Jews: The End of an Era. Rumford, R.I.: Peregrinação Publications, 1999. Diffie, Bailey W. Prelude to Empire: Portugal Overseas before Henry the Navigator. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1960. Dutra, Francis A. "Portugal: To 1279." Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Vol. X: 35-48. New York: Scribners, 1987.■. "Portugal: 1279-1481." Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Vol. X: 48-56. New York: Scribners, 1987. Gama Barros, Henrique de. História de Administração Pública em Portugal nos séculos XII à XV, 11 vols. Lisbon, 1945-51. Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães. A Economia dos Descobrimentos Henriquinos. Lisbon, 1962.■ Gonzaga de Azevedo, Luís. História de Portugal, 6 vols. Lisbon, 1939-44.■ Herculano, Alexandre. História de Portugal, 8 vols., 9th ed. Lisbon, 1940.■ Kennedy, Hugh. Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Anda-lus. London: Longman, 1996.■ Lencastre e Tavora, Luía Gonzaga. O Estudo da Sigilografia Medieval Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1990.■ Livermore, H. V. The Origins of Spain and Portugal. London: Allen & Unwin, 1971.■ Lopes, David. "Os Árabes nas obras de Alexandre Herculano." Boletim da Segunda Classe. Lisbon: Academia Real das Sciéncias, III (1909-10). MacKendrick, Paul. The Iberian Stones Speak. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1969.■ Martinez, Pedro Soares. História Diplomática De Portugal [chapter I, 114315]. Lisbon, 1986.■ Mattoso, José, ed. A Nobreza Medieval Portuguesa: A Família e o Poder. Lisbon: Estampa, 1981.■. Religião e cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional, 1982.■. Identificaçao de um país ( ensaio sobre as orígens de Portugal), 2 vols. Lisbon: Estampa, 1985.■. Novos Ensaios de História Medieval Portuguesa. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1988.■. Historia de Portugal. Vol. 2: A Monarquia Feudal ( 1096-1480). Lisbon: Estampa, 1993.■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. Hansa e Portugal na Idade Média. Lisbon, 1959.■. Introduçao à História da Agricultura em Portugal. Lisbon, 1968.■. 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Evolução e Instituições: A Extinção dos Grémios da Lavoura Alentejanos. Mem Martins, 1984.■. "A herança de duas revoluções." In M. Baptista Coelho, ed., Portugal: O Sistema Político e Constitucional, 1974-87, 505-55. Lisbon, 1989.■ Macedo, Jorge Braga de, and S. Serfaty. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. New York: Praeger, 1981.■ Magone, José M. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. New York: St. Martin's, 1997. Mailer, Phil. Portugal: The Impossible Revolution. London: Solidarity, 1977. Manta, João Abel. Cartoons/ 1969-1975. Lisbon, 1975.■ Manuel, Paul C. Uncertain Outcome: The Politics of Portugal's Transition to Democracy. Lanham, Md. and London: University Press of America, 1994.■ Mateus, Rui. Contos Proibidos. Memorias de Um PS Desconhecido, 3rd ed. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 1996.■ Maxwell, Kenneth. "Portugal under Pressure." The New York Review of Books (May 2, 1974).■. "The Hidden Revolution in Portugal." The New York Review of Books (April 17, 1975).■. "The Thorns of the Portuguese Revolution." Foreign Affairs 54, 2 (Jan. 1976): 250-70.■. "The Communists and the Portuguese Revolution." Dissent 27, 2 (Spring 1980): 194-206.■. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.■. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.■, ed. "Portugal: Toward the Twenty-First Century." Camoes Center Quarterly 5, 3-4 (Fall 1995): 6-55.■, ed. The Press and the Rebirth of Iberian Democracy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1983.■. Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution: Reports of Three Columbia University-Gulbenkian Workshops. New York: Research Institute on International Change, Columbia University, 1984.■ Maxwell, Kenneth, and Michael H. Haltzel, eds. Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.■ Medeiros Ferreira, José. Ensaio Histórico sobre a revolução do 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1983.■ Medina, João, ed. Portugal De Abril: Do 25 Aos Nossos Dias. In Medina, ed., História Contemporãnea De Portugal. Lisbon, 1985. Merten, Peter. Anarchismus ünd Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libertare, 1981.■ Miranda, Jorge. Constituição e Democracia. Lisbon, 1976.■. A Constituição de 1976. Lisbon, 1978.■ Morrison, Rodney J. Portugal: Revolutionary Change in an Open Economy. Boston: Auburn House, 1981.■ Mujal-Leôn, Eusebio. "The PCP [Portuguese Communist Party] and the Portuguese Revolution." Problems of Communism 26 (Jan.- Feb. 1977): 21-41.■ Neves, Mário. Missão em Moscovo. Lisbon, 1986.■ Oliveira, César. M. F. A. e Revolução Socialista. Lisbon, 1975.■. Os Anos Decisivos: Portugal 1962-1985. Um testemunho. Lisbon: Presença, 1993.■ Opello, Waiter C., Jr. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.■. Portugal: From Monarchy to Pluralist Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1991.■ Pell, Senator Claiborne H. Portugal ( Including the Azores and Spain) in Search of New Directions: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.■ Pereira, J. Pacheco. "A Case of Orthodoxy: The Communist Party of Portugal." In Waller and Fenema, eds., Communist Parties in Western Europe: Adaptation or Decline? Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.■ Pilmott, Ben. "Socialism in Portugal: Was It a Revolution?" Government and Opposition 7 (Summer 1977).■. "Were the Soldiers Revolutionary? The Armed Forces Movement in Portugal, 1973-1976." Iberian Studies 7, 1 (1978): 13-21.■, and Jean Seaton. "Political Power and the Portuguese Media." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 43-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm and Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1977.■ Pouchin, Dominique. Portugal, quelle révolution? Paris, 1976.■ Pulido Valente, Vasco. "E Viva Otelo." In Pulido Valente, V., ed., O País das Maravilhas, 451-54. Lisbon, 1979 [anthology of articles from weekly Lisbon paper, Expresso].■. Estudos Sobre a Crise Nacional. Lisbon, 1980.■ Rebelo de Sousa, Marcelo. O Sistema de Governo Português antes e depois da Revisão Constitucional, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1981. Rêgo, Raúl. Militares, Clérigos e Paisanos. Lisbon, 1981. Robinson, Richard A. H. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.■ Rodrigues, Avelino, Cesário Borga, and Mário Cardoso. O Movemento dos Capitães e o 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1974.■. Portugal Depois De Abril. Lisbon, 1976.■ Ruas, H. B., ed. A Revolução das Flores. Lisbon, 1975.■ Rudel, Christian. La Liberte couleur d'oeillet. Paris: Fayard, 1980.■ Sa, Tiago Moreira de. Os Americanos na Revolucao Portuguesa ( 1974-1976). Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 2004.■ Sá Carneiro, Francisco. Por Uma Social-Democracia Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.■ Sanches Osôrio, Helena. Um Só Rosto. Uma Só Fé. Conversas Com Adelino Da Palma Carlos. Lisbon, 1988. Sanches Osôrio, J. The Betrayal of the 25th of April in Portugal. Madrid: Sedmay, 1975.■ Schmitter, Philippe C. "Liberation by Golpe: Retrospective Thoughts on the Demise of Authoritarian Rule in Portugal." Armed Forces and Society 2 (1974): 5-33.■. "An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey." In G. O'Donnell,■ P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 3-10. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.■. Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcoboca and Batalha. Fontwell, U.K.: Centaur Press, 1972.■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. In Portugal. London: Bodley Head, 1912.■ Borrow, George. The Bible in Spain, 2 vols. London: Constable, 1923 ed.■ Chaves, Castelo Branco. Os livros de viagens em Portugal no século XVIII e a sua projecção europeia. Lisbon, 1977.■ Costigan, Arthur William. Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal. London: T. Vernon, 1787.■ Crawfurd, Oswald. Portugal Old and New. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.■. Round the Calendar in Portugal. London: Chapman & Hall, 1890.■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.■ Dumouriez, Charles Francois Duperrier. An Account of Portugal as It Appeared in 1766. London: C. Law, 1797.■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.■ Gibbons, John. I Gathered No Moss. London: Robert Hale, 1939.■ Gordon, Jan, and Cora Gordon. Portuguese Somersault. London: Harrap, 1934.■ Hewitt, Richard. A Cottage in Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.■ Huggett, Frank. South of Lisbon: Winter Travels in Southern Portugal. London: Gollancz, 1960.■ Hume, Martin. Through Portugal. London: Richards, 1907.■ Hyland, Paul. Backwards Out of the Big World: A Voyage into Portugal. Hammersmith, U.K.: HarperCollins, 1996.■ Jackson, Catherine Charlotte, Lady. Fair Lusitania. London: Bentley, 1874.■ Kelly, Marie Node. This Delicious Land Portugal. London: Hutchinson, 1956.■ Kempner, Mary Jean. Invitation to Portugal. New York: Athenaeum, 1969.■ Kingston, William H. G. Lusitanian Sketches of the Pen and Pencil. 2 vol. London: Parker, 1845.■ Landmann, George. Historical, Military and Picturesque Observations on Portugal. 2 vol. London: Cadell and Davies, 1818.■ Latouche, John [Pseudonym of Oswald Crawfurd]. Travels in Portugal. London: Ward, Lock & Taylor, ca. 1874.■ Link, Henry Frederick. Travels in Portugal and France and Spain. London: Longman & Rees, 1801.■ Macauley, Rose. They Went to Portugal. London: Jonathan Cape, 1946.■. They Went to Portugal, Too. Manchester: Carcanet Books, 1990.■ Merle, Iris. Portuguese Panorama. London: Ouzel, 1958.■ Murphy, J. C. Travels in Portugal. London: 1795.■ Proper, Datus C. The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.■ Quillinan, Dorothy [Wordsworth]. Journal of a Few Months in Portugal with Glimpses of the South of Spain. 2 vol. London: Moxon, 1847. Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1954. Smith, Karine R. Until Tomorrow: Azores and Portugal. Snohomish, Wash.: Snohomish Publishing, 1978. Southey, Robert. Journals of a Residence in Portugal, 1800-1801 and a Visit to France, 1838. London and New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. Thomas, Gordon Kent. Lord Byron's Iberian Pilgrimage. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983. Twiss, Richard. Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772-1773. London, 1775.■ Watson, Gilbert. Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal. London: Arnold, 1904. Wheeler, Douglas L. "A[n American] Fulbrighter in Lisbon, Portugal, 196162." Portuguese Studies Review 1 (1991): 9-16.■ PORTUGUESE CARTOGRAPHY, DISCOVERIES, AND NAVIGATION■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Curso de História de Naútica. Coimbra, 1972.■. Introdução a história dos descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Mem Martins, 1983.■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon: Alfa, 1983.■. Portuguese Books on Nautical Science from Pedro Nunes to 1650. Lisbon, 1984.■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1985.■ Boorstin, Daniel. The Discoverers. New York: Random House, 1983. Boxer, C. R. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825. London: Hutchinson, 1969.■ Brazão, Eduardo. La découverte de Terre-Neuve. Montreal: Les Presses de l'Université, 1964.■. "Les Corte-Real et le Nouveau Monde." Revue d'histoire d'Amérique Française 19, 1 (1965): 335-49. Cortesão, Armando, and Avelino Teixeira de Mota. Cartografia Portuguesa Antiga. Lisbon, 1960.■. Portugalia Monumenta Cartográfica, 6 vols. Lisbon, 1960-62.■. História da Cartografia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1969-70.■ Cortesão, Jaime. L'expansion des portugais dans l'historie de la civilisation. Brussels, 1930.■. Os descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. V. Magalhães Godinho and Joel Serrão, eds. Lisbon, 1960.■. A expansão dos Portugueses no período henriquinho. Lisbon, 1965.■. Descobrimentos precolombanos dos portugueses. Lisbon, 1966.■ Costa, Abel Fontoura da. A Marinharia dos Descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1960.■ Costa Brochado, Idalino F. Descobrimento do Atlântico. Lisbon, 1958. English ed., 1959-60.■ Coutinho, Admiral Gago. A naútica dos descobrimentos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1951-52.■ Crone, G. R. Maps and Their Makers. New York: Capricorn Books, 1966.■ Dias, José S. da Silva. Os descobrimentos e a problemática cultural do Século XVI, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1982.■ Disney, Anthony, and Emily Booth, eds. Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.■ Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães, ed. Documentos sobre a expansão portuguesa [ to 1460], 3 vols. Lisbon, 1945-54.■ Guedes, Max, and Gerald Lombardi, eds. Portugal. Brazil: The Age of Atlantic Discoveries. Lisbon: Bertrand; Milan: Ricci; Brazilian Culture Foundation, 1990. [Catalogue of New York Public Library Exhibit, Summer 1990]■ Harley, J. B., and David Woodward. The History of Cartography. Volume 1: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient and Medieval Europe and Mediterranean. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.■ Leite, Duarte. História dos Descobrimentos: Colectânea de esparsos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1958-61.■ Ley, Charles. Portuguese Voyages, 1498-1663. London: Dent, 1953.■ Marques, J. Martins da Silva. Descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1944-71.■ Martyn, John R. C., ed. Pedro Nunes ( 1502-1578): His Lost Algebra and Other Discoveries. John R. C. Martyn, trans. New York: Peter Lang, 1996.■ Morison, Samuel Eliot. The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages, A. D. 500-1600. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971.■. Portuguese Voyages to America in the Fifteenth Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974.■ Mota, Avelino Teixeira da. Mar, Além-Mar-Estudos e Ensaios de História e Geografia. Lisbon, 1972.■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Vida e Obra do Infante D. Henrique. Lisbon, 1959.■ Parry, J. H. The Discovery of the Sea. New York: Dial, 1974.■ Penrose, Boies. Travel and Discovery in the Renaissance, 1420-1620. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1952.■ Peres, Damião. História dos Descobrimentos Portugueses. Oporto, 1943.■ Prestage, Edgar. The Portuguese Pioneers. London, 1933; New York: Barnes & Noble, 1967.■ Rogers, Francis M. Precision Astrolabe: Portuguese Navigators and Transoceanic Aviation. Lisbon, 1971.■ Seary, E. R. "The Portuguese Element in the Place Names of Newfoundland." In Luís Albuquerque, ed., Vice-Almirante A. Teixeira da Mota: In Memo-riam. Vol. II, 359-64. Lisbon: Academia da Marinha, 1989.■ Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. The Career and Legend of Vasco Da Gama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.■ Velho, Alvaro. Roteiro ( Navigator's Route) da Primeira Viagem de Vasco da Gama ( 1497-1499). Lisbon, 1960.■ Winius, George, ed. Portugal, the Pathfinder: Journeys from the Medieval toward the Modern World 1300-ca. 1600. Madison, Wisc.: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 1995.■ PORTUGAL AND HER OVERSEAS EMPIRES (1415-1975)■ Abshire, David M., and Michael A. Samuels, eds. Portuguese Africa: A Handbook. New York: Praeger, 1969.■ Afonso, Aniceto, and Carlos de Matos Gomes. Guerra Colonial. Lisbon: Noticias, 2001.■ Albuquerque, J. Moushino de. Moçambique. Lisbon, 1898.■ Alden, Dauril. The Making of an Enterprise: The Society of Jesus in Portugal, Its Empire & Beyond. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1995.■ Alexandre, Valentim. Orígens do Colonialismo Português Moderno ( 18221891). Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1979.■, and Jill Dias, eds. "O Império Africano 1825-1890. Volume X." In J.■ Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds., Nova História Da Expansão Portuguesa. Lisbon: Estampa, 1998.■ Ames, Glen J. "The Carreira da India, 1668-1682: Maritime Enterprise and the Quest for Stability in Portugal's Asian Empire." Journal of European Economic History 20, 1 (1991): 7-28.■. Renascent Empire? The House of Braganza and the Quest for Stability in Portuguese Monsoon Asia, ca. 1640-1683. Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ.Press, 2000.■. Vasco da Gama. Renaissance Crusader. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2005.■ Antunes, José Freire. O Império com Pés de Barro: Colonizaçao e Descolonização: As Ideologias em Portugal. Lisbon: D. Quixote, 1980.■. O Factor Africano 1890-1990. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1990.■. A Guerra De Africa 1961-1974, 2 vols. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995-96.■. Jorge Jardim: Agente Secreto 1919-1982. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1996.■ Axelson, Eric A. South-East Africa, 1488-1530. London: Longmans, 1940.■. "Prince Henry and the Discovery of the Sea Route to India." Geographical Journal (U.K.) 127, 2 (June 1961): 145-58.■. Portugal and the Scramble for Africa, 1875-1891. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1967.■. Portuguese in South-East Africa, 1488-1699. Cape Town: Struik, 1973.■. Congo to Cape: Early Portuguese Explorers. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.■ Azevedo, Mário. Historical Dictionary of Mozambique, 2nd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2003.■ Baião, António, Hernãni Cidade, and Manuel Murias, eds. História da Expansão Portuguesa no Mundo, 4 vols. Lisbon, 1937-40.■ Bender, Gerald J. "The Limits of Counterinsurgency [in the Angolan War, 1961-72]." Comparative Politics (1972): 331-60.■. Angola under the Portuguese: The Myth Versus Reality. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.■ Bhíla, H. H. K. Trade and Politics in a Shona Kingdom: The Manyika and Their Portuguese and African Neighbours, 1875-1902. Harlow, U.K.: Longman, 1990.■ Birmingham, David. The Portuguese Conquest of Angola. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965.■. Trade and Conflict in Angola. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966.■. Frontline Nationalism in Angola & Mozambique. London: James Currey, 1992.■. Portugal and Africa. New York: St. Martins, 1999.■ Bottineau, Yves. Le Portugal Et Sa Vocation Maritime. Paris: Boccard, 1977. Boxer, C. R. Fidalgos in the Far East— Fact and Fancy in the History of Macau. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1948. ———. The Christian Century in Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951.■ ———. Salvador de Sá and the Struggle for Brazil and Angola, 1602-1688. London, 1952.■ ———. Four Centuries of Portuguese Expansion, 1415-1825: A Succinct Survey. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1961.■ ———. The Golden Age of Brazil, 1695-1750. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962.■ ———. Race Relations in the Portuguese Colonial Empire, 1415-1825. Oxford:■ Clarendon Press, 1963. ———. Portuguese Society in the Tropics. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1965.■ ———. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415-1825. London: Hutchi nson, 1969.■ ———, and Carlos de Azevedo, eds. Fort Jesus and the Portuguese in Mombasa. London: Hollis and Carter, 1960.■ Broadhead, Susan H. Historical Dictionary of Angola, 2nd ed. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1992.■ Burton, Richard. Goa and the Blue Mountains. London: Bentley, 1851.■ Cabral, Luís. Crónica da Libertação. Lisbon, 1984.■ Caetano, Marcello. Colonizing Traditions, Principles and Methods of the Portuguese. Lisbon, 1951.■ ———. Portugal E A Internacionalização Dos Problemas Africanos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1965.■ Cann, John P. Counterinsurgency in Africa: The Portuguese Way of War, 1961-1974. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1997. Castelo, Claudia. 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Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. The Travels of Mendes Pinto [Orig. title: Peregrinação].■ Rebecca D. Catz, trans., with introduction and notes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Miguéis, José Rodrigues. A Man Smiles at Death with Half a Face. George■ Monteiro, trans. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1991.■. Happy Easter. John Byrne, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.■. Steerage and Ten Other Stories. George Monteiro, ed. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1998. Monteiro, Luís De Sttau. The Rules of the Game. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1965.■ Mourão-Ferreira, David. Lucky in Love. Christine Robinson, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1999. Namora, Fernando. Field of Fate. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1970.■. Mountain Doctor. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1956.■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Inclement Weather over the Channel. Francisco Cota Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1993.■. Stormy Isles: An Azorean Tale. Francisco C. Fagundes, trans. 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Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.■ EQUESTRIANISM■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.comHistorical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
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14 די
דַּיm. (b. h.; דָּוָה, cmp. דַּאי) sufficiency, plenty; constr. דֵּי enough for; דּיִּי enough for me, דַּיֶּיךָ enough for thee Nidd.I, 1 דַּיָּין שעתן they have enough for the time being, i. e. the unclean condition, now discovered, has no retrospective effect, opp. מפְּקִידָה לפקידה. Pes.8b דַּיֵּינוּ we should have been contented. Taan.24b דַּיּוֹ בקבוכ׳ (Ms. M. דַּיי לו קב) he is contented with a Kab of B. Kam.II, 5 (25a) דיו לבא מן הדיןוכ׳ it is sufficient for the law which is derived by conclusion ad majus to be as strict as the law from which it is derived, i. e. you cannot go beyond the latter. Ib. ור״ט לית ליה דיו does R. T. not follow the principle of dayyo (that the derived law cannot go beyond the original)? והא דיו דאורייתא הוא is not the principle of dayyo biblical?Gen. B. s. 21 דייך פפוס it is enough for thee, Papus, i. e. say no more; a. fr.With prefix כְּדַי (v. כְּדָיי), constr. כְּדֵי as much as is required for, corresponding to, as conj. in order to. Maasr. V, 6 ומצא כ׳ מדתו and found a quantity corresponding to what he had measured into it (reasonably increased); יתר על כ׳ מדתו more than the reasonable quantity.כ׳ דיבור or תוך כ׳ ד׳ as much, within as much, time as is needed for an utterance (e. g. a greeting, v. Y.Ber.I, 4b). B. Kam.73a, a. fr. תוך כ׳ דיבור כדיבור דמי two statements following each other immediately are considered one. Ib. b תרי ת׳ כ׳ ד׳ there are two different intervals comprised under the expression tokh kde dibbur. Snh.31b bot. ב׳ לחלוק וב׳ in order to give honor to Ib. 32a bot. כ׳ שלא תנעול דלתוכ׳ in order not to make loans too difficult, v. דֶּלֶת; a. fr. -
15 דַּי
דַּיm. (b. h.; דָּוָה, cmp. דַּאי) sufficiency, plenty; constr. דֵּי enough for; דּיִּי enough for me, דַּיֶּיךָ enough for thee Nidd.I, 1 דַּיָּין שעתן they have enough for the time being, i. e. the unclean condition, now discovered, has no retrospective effect, opp. מפְּקִידָה לפקידה. Pes.8b דַּיֵּינוּ we should have been contented. Taan.24b דַּיּוֹ בקבוכ׳ (Ms. M. דַּיי לו קב) he is contented with a Kab of B. Kam.II, 5 (25a) דיו לבא מן הדיןוכ׳ it is sufficient for the law which is derived by conclusion ad majus to be as strict as the law from which it is derived, i. e. you cannot go beyond the latter. Ib. ור״ט לית ליה דיו does R. T. not follow the principle of dayyo (that the derived law cannot go beyond the original)? והא דיו דאורייתא הוא is not the principle of dayyo biblical?Gen. B. s. 21 דייך פפוס it is enough for thee, Papus, i. e. say no more; a. fr.With prefix כְּדַי (v. כְּדָיי), constr. כְּדֵי as much as is required for, corresponding to, as conj. in order to. Maasr. V, 6 ומצא כ׳ מדתו and found a quantity corresponding to what he had measured into it (reasonably increased); יתר על כ׳ מדתו more than the reasonable quantity.כ׳ דיבור or תוך כ׳ ד׳ as much, within as much, time as is needed for an utterance (e. g. a greeting, v. Y.Ber.I, 4b). B. Kam.73a, a. fr. תוך כ׳ דיבור כדיבור דמי two statements following each other immediately are considered one. Ib. b תרי ת׳ כ׳ ד׳ there are two different intervals comprised under the expression tokh kde dibbur. Snh.31b bot. ב׳ לחלוק וב׳ in order to give honor to Ib. 32a bot. כ׳ שלא תנעול דלתוכ׳ in order not to make loans too difficult, v. דֶּלֶת; a. fr. -
16 act
ækt
1. сущ.
1) дело, поступок, деяние act of bravery ≈ подвиг act of faith ≈ акт доверия to commit, perform an act ≈ совершить поступок He committed an act of folly. ≈ Он совершил глупость. barbaric act barbarous act courageous act criminal act foolish act heroic act humane act illegal act impulsive act justified act kind act rash act statesmanlike act thoughtful act volutional act Syn: deed, exploit, feat
2) действие caught in the act of stealing ≈ пойманный при совершении кражи Language interpretation is the whole point of the act of reading. ≈ Интерпретация языковых выражений является самым главным при чтении. Syn: action, operation
3) закон, постановление act of Parliament ≈ парламентский акт Syn: decree, statute
1)
4) (the Acts) Деяния апостолов
5) акт, действие (в опере, драме) ;
номер программы( в развлекательной программе, шоу и т. п.) nightclub act, variety act брит., vaudeville act амер. ≈ номер эстрадной программы Syn: performance
6) неод. сцена His anger was real. It wasn't an act. ≈ Его гнев был неподдельным. Это не было притворством. There were moments when I wondered: did she do this on purpose, was it all just a game, an act? ≈ Были моменты, когда мне хотелось знать, делает ли она это нарочно, является ли это все игрой, сценой? Syn: pretence
7) диссертация( в университетах)
8) (the act) половое сношение ∙ to put on an act разг. ≈ притворяться, разыграть сцену
2. гл.
1) действовать, поступать;
вести себя to act irresponsibly ≈ действовать безответственно to act impulsively ≈ действовать импульсивно to act immediately ≈ действовать без промедления to act bravely (correctly, generously) ≈ действовать смело (правильно, великодушно) to be quick to act ≈ действовать быстро to act up to a promise ≈ сдержать обещание It is time to act. ≈ Пора действовать. He was quick to act. ≈ Он сразу же откликнулся. Don't act from instinct. ≈ Не надо действовать под влиянием инстинкта. How did they act towards you? ≈ Как они относились к вам? The soldier acted like a real hero. ≈ Этот солдат действовал как настоящий герой. act in unison act out of spite
2) действовать, работать (быть исправным) The brake refused to act. ≈ Тормоз отказал. The gadget acted immediately. ≈ Приспособление тут же сработало.
3) влиять, действовать (on, upon) Has the medicine acted? ≈ Лекарство уже подействовало? This weather acts on my nerves. ≈ Эта погода действует мне на нервы.
4) работать, служить;
действовать в качестве( as - кого-л.) He acted as director for a month. ≈ Он замещал директора в течение месяца. She acts as our interpreter. ≈ Она работает в качестве нашего переводчика. This medicine acts as а stimulus. ≈ Это лекарство оказывает стимулирующее действие.
5) прикидываться, притворяться He acted the idiot. ≈ Он строил из себя идиота. John did not feel fear, he was just acting it. ≈ Джон не испытывал страха, он просто делал вид, что боится.
6) театр. играть, исполнять роль to act the part of Othello ≈ играть роль Отелло Children love to act. ≈ Дети любят играть в театр. Who will act the leading part? ≈ Кто будет играть главную роль? He acted in many films. ≈ Он снимался/играл во многих фильмах. "It's a long time since I acted on this stage," said the actor. ≈ "Как давно это было, когда я играл на этой сцене," - сказал артист. ∙ act for act upon act out act up act up toдело;
поступок;
- * of cruelty жестокий поступок;
проявление жестокости;
- * of kindness доброе дело акт;
действие;
деяние;
- criminal * преступное деяние;
- unilateral * односторонний акт, односторонее действие;
- * of piracy акт пиратства;
- * of delivery роды;
- *s of force действия, связанные с применением силы;
- * of war акт агрессии, вооруженная агрессия;
- * of worship богослужение акт;
закон;
постановление;
решение суда;
- constituent * учредительный акт;
- * of Parliament парламентский акт, закон;
- * of Congress закон, принятый конгрессом (юридическое) (дипломатическое) акт, документ;
- * of the law юридический акт;
- * and deed официальный документ, обязательство;
- final * заключительный акт (театроведение) акт, действие (неодобрительно) сцена;
- to put on an * разыграть сцену, устроить спектакль;
- she does not mean it, it's just an * у нее это не всерьез, она просто прикидывается номер программы - the next * will be a magician следующий номер программы - фокусник труппа, группа актеров, исполнителей (университетское) диссертация (библеизм) Деяния апостолов (искусство) (фотографическое) акт, изображение обнаженной натуры > to catch smb. in the * поймать кого-л. на месте преступления, с поличным;
> to be in the * of doing smth. совершать что-л.;
быть на грани совершения чего-л.;
> to get into the * принимать участие, быть в доле, примазаться к какому-л. делу;
> to get one's * together (сленг) хорошо подготовиться;
спланировать работу;
привести в порядок действовать, поступать;
вести себя;
- to * immediately действовать без промедления;
- to * wisely вести себя умно;
- to * bravely проявить мужество;
действовать смело;
- to * on smth. действовать в соответствии с чем-л.;
- to * on smb.'s suggestion действовать по чьей-л. подсказке;
- to * on advice действовать по совету, поступать как советуют;
(for) действовать, принимать участие;
- to * for smb. выполнять чьи-л. функции;
исполнять обязанности;
замещать;
действовать от чьего-л. лица;
- a solicitor *s for his clients адвокат представляет интересы своих клиентов;
- to * on the defensive обороняться, защищаться, занимать оборонительную позицию;
(военное) находиться в обороне;
действовать, работать (о приборе и т. п.) ;
- brakes refused to * тормоза отказали влиять, воздействовать;
- to * on the emotions воздействовать на чувства;
- these pills * on the liver эти таблетки действуют на печень;
- does the drug take long to * on the pain? скоро ли подействует это болеутоляющее?;
- acids * on metal кислоты воздействуют на металл( up to) быть на высоте;
соответствовать;
- to * up to one's principle(s) действовать в соответствии со своими принципами, поступать согласно своим принципам;
- to * up to one's reputation не обмануть ожиданий (as) работать, служить;
действовать в качестве;
- to * as interpreter работать переводчиком;
- a trained dog can * as a guide to a blind man дрессированная собака может служить слепому проводником (театроведение) исполнять роль, играть;
- to * the Ghost in "Hamlet" играть роль призрака в "Гамлете" играться (о пьесе, роли) ;
- his plays don't * well его пьесы трудно играть, его пьесы малосценичны (неодобрительно) прикидываться, притворяться;
- to * the fool (разговорное) разыгрывать простачка;
- he *ed very angry он сделал вид, что страшно рассердился;
- to * interested притвориться заинтересованным;
- to * outraged virtue разыгрывать оскорбленную невинность > to * one's age поступать в соответствии со своим возрастом;
> * your age! не веди себя как ребенок!, брось ребячиться!act акт, действие (часть пьесы) ~ акт ~ акт (как наименование международного договора) ~ влиять, действовать (on, upon) ~ выполнять функции ~ действие ~ действие;
деяние ~ действовать, поступать;
вести себя;
to act up to a promise сдержать обещание ~ действовать ~ дело, поступок;
акт;
act of bravery подвиг;
act of God стихийное бедствие;
caught in the (very) act (of committing a crime) захвачен на месте преступления ~ дело ~ деяние ~ документ ~ закон, постановление (парламента, суда) ~ закон ~ (шотл.) заносить, делать запись ~ театр. играть;
to act the part of Othello играть роль Отелло ~ исполнять обязанности ~ миниатюра, номер ( программы варьете или представления в цирке) ;
to put on an act разг. притворяться, разыграть сцену ~ постановление ~ постановление (суда) ~ поступать ~ работать, действовать;
the brake refused to act тормоз отказал ~ работать ~ функционировать Act: Act: Community ~ Закон о Европейском экономическом сообществе act: act: conditional sales ~ закон об условных продажах Act: Act: Finance ~ Закон о государственном бюджете (Великобритания) act: act: fiscal ~ закон о налогообложении Act: Act: Judicature ~ Закон о судоустройстве (Великобритания) act: act: judicial ~ акт судебной власти Act: Act: Limitation ~ Закон о сроках давности (Великобритания) act: act: marriage ~ закон о браке Act: Act: Matrimonial Causes ~ Закон о бракоразводных процессах (Великобритания) act: act: negligent ~ неосмотрительный поступок Act: Act: Settled Land ~ Закон о закрепленной земле( Великобритания) act: act: social assistance ~ закон о социальном обеспечении Act: Act: Social Security ~ Закон о социальном обеспечении (США) act: act: stamp ~ ист. закон о гербовом сборе Act: Act: Tortious Liability ~ Закон об ответственности за гражданские правонарушения (Великобритания) act: act: trade ~ закон о торговле Act: Act: Will's ~ Закон о завещаниях (Великобритания) act: act: wrongful ~ незаконное действие~ and deed официальный документ, обязательство~ as действовать в качестве ~ as работать в качестве~ for выполнять функции другого лица ~ for замещать ~ for исполнять обязанности ~ for представлять другое лицо~ in good faith поступать честно~ in law юридическое действие~ of accession акт присоединения~ дело, поступок;
акт;
act of bravery подвиг;
act of God стихийное бедствие;
caught in the (very) act (of committing a crime) захвачен на месте преступления~ of court юридический акт~ дело, поступок;
акт;
act of bravery подвиг;
act of God стихийное бедствие;
caught in the (very) act (of committing a crime) захвачен на месте преступления ~ of God страх. действия сил природы ~ of God юр. непреодолимая сила ~ of God страх. стихийное бедствие ~ of God страх. стихийные явления ~ of God страх.,юр. форс-мажор ~ of God страх. форс-мажорные обстоятельства~ of grace амнистия ~ of grace парламентский акт об амнистии ~ of grace помилование grace: ~ милость, милосердие;
прощение;
Act of grace( всеобщая) амнистия~ of killing совершение убийства~ of necessity действие в силу необходимости~ of pardon амнистия ~ of pardon парламентский акт об амнистии ~ of pardon помилование~ of reprisal акт возмездия~ of restriction ограничивающее постановление~ of union акт объединения~ of violence акт насилия ~ of violence насильственное действие~ of war вооруженная агрессия~ of wills закон о завещаниях~ on legal capacity закон о юридической правоспособности~ театр. играть;
to act the part of Othello играть роль Отеллоad hoc ~ специальный законaliens ~ закон об иностранцахamended ~ юр. закон с внесенными поправкамиbankruptcy ~ закон о банкротствеblanket ~ всеобъемлющий акт~ работать, действовать;
the brake refused to act тормоз отказал~ дело, поступок;
акт;
act of bravery подвиг;
act of God стихийное бедствие;
caught in the (very) act (of committing a crime) захвачен на месте преступленияcoinage ~ закон о чеканке монетcommercial bank ~ закон о коммерческих банкахact: conditional sales ~ закон об условных продажахconsolidated ~ объединенный законcriminal ~ преступное действие criminal ~ преступное деяниеcustoms ~ закон о таможенных пошлинахdepreciation ~ акт о списании имуществаemergency ~ чрезвычайный законemergency powers ~ акт о чрезвычайных полномочияхenabling ~ акт конгресса США, разрешающий( какой-л.) территории начать подготовку к переходу на статус штата enabling ~ законодательный акт о предоставлении чрезвычайных полномочий enabling ~ (амер.) законодательный акт о предоставлении чрезвычайных полномочийfinal ~ последнее действиеact: fiscal ~ закон о налогообложенииguilty ~ преступный актhostile ~ враждебный актimplementing ~ выполняемый актimplied ~ подразумеваемый актincome tax ~ закон о подоходном налогеinheritance ~ закон о наследованииintroductory ~ предварительный актact: judicial ~ акт судебной властиjuristic ~ юридическое действиеland charges ~ закон о земельном налогеland registration ~ закон о регистрации земельных участковlegal ~ юридическое действие, юридический актlegislative ~ закон legislative ~ законодательный актact: marriage ~ закон о бракеact: negligent ~ неосмотрительный поступок negligent ~ неумышленное действиеnonbinding ~ необязывающий законnonmandatory ~ декларативный актnotarial ~ нотариальный актpreparatory ~ предварительный законодательный актpromulgate an ~ обнародовать закон promulgate an ~ промульгировать законprovisional ~ временный законодательный акт~ миниатюра, номер (программы варьете или представления в цирке) ;
to put on an act разг. притворяться, разыграть сценуrailway ~ закон о железных дорогахreckless ~ неосторожное действиеrenew an ~ продлевать срок действия законаrent restriction ~ закон об ограничении арендной платыrepeal an ~ отменять законrestrictive practices ~ закон против нарушения свободы конкуренции restrictive practices ~ закон против ограничительной торговой практикиretroactive ~ закон, имеющий обратную силуretrospective ~ закон, имеющий обратную силуact: social assistance ~ закон о социальном обеспеченииact: stamp ~ ист. закон о гербовом сборе stamp ~ закон о гербовом сбореsupplementary estimates ~ закон о дополнительных оценкахtax assessments ~ закон о налогообложенииtax control ~ закон о налоговом контролеact: trade ~ закон о торговлеunlawful ~ противоправное деяниеusury ~ закон против ростовщичестваact: wrongful ~ незаконное действие wrongful ~ неправомерное действие wrongful ~ противоправное действие -
17 Article 54
1. A law introducing or aggravating responsibility shall not have retrospective effect.2. No one may bear responsibility for the action which was not regarded as a crime when it was committed. If after violating law the responsibility for that is eliminated or mitigated, a new law shall be applied. __________ <На русском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (Russian)"]Статья 54[/ref]> <На немецком языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (German)"]Artikel 54[/ref]> <На французском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (French)"]Article 54[/ref]>The Constitution of Russia. English-Russian dictionary > Article 54
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18 show
1. noun1) (display) Pracht, diea show of flowers/colour — eine Blumen-/Farbenpracht
show of force/strength — etc. Demonstration der Macht/Stärke usw.
dog show — Hundeschau, die
3) (entertainment, performance) Show, die; (Theatre) Vorstellung, die; (Radio, Telev.) [Unterhaltungs]sendung, die; see also academic.ru/70491/steal">steal 1. 1)4) (coll.): (effort)put up a good/poor show — eine gute/schlechte Figur machen
good show! — gut [gemacht]!
5) (coll.): (undertaking, business)it's his show — er ist der Boss (ugs.)
run the show — der Boss sein (ugs.)
give the [whole] show away — alles ausquatschen (salopp)
6) (outward appearance) Anschein, dermake or put on a [great] show of doing something — sich (Dat.) [angestrengt] den Anschein geben, etwas zu tun
be for show — reine Angeberei sein (ugs.)
2. transitive verb,do something just for show — etwas nur aus Prestigegründen tun
1) (allow or cause to be seen) zeigen; vorzeigen [Pass, Fahrschein usw.]show somebody something, show something to somebody — jemandem etwas zeigen
have nothing/something to show for it — [dabei] nichts/etwas zum Vorzeigen haben
that dress shows your petticoat — bei diesem Kleid sieht man deinen Unterrock
this material does not show the dirt — auf diesem Material sieht man den Schmutz nicht; see also colour 1. 5); sign 1. 5)
2) (manifest, give evidence of) zeigen; beweisen [Mut, Entschlossenheit, Urteilsvermögen usw.]he is showing his age — man sieht ihm sein Alter an
3)show [somebody] kindness/mercy — freundlich [zu jemandem] sein/Erbarmen [mit jemandem] haben
show mercy on or to somebody — Erbarmen mit jemandem haben
4) (indicate) zeigen [Gefühl, Freude usw.]; [Thermometer, Uhr usw.:] anzeigenas shown in the illustration — wie die Abbildung zeigt
frontiers are shown by blue lines and towns are shown in red — Grenzen sind durch blaue Linien und Städte sind rot gekennzeichnet
the firm shows a profit/loss — die Firma macht Gewinn/Verlust
5) (demonstrate, prove) zeigenshow somebody that... — jemandem beweisen, dass...
it all/just goes to show that... — das beweist nur, dass...
it all goes to show, doesn't it? — das beweist es doch, oder?
I'll show you/him etc.! — ich werd's dir/ihm usw. schon zeigen!
show somebody who's boss — jemandem zeigen, wer das Sagen hat
6) (conduct) führen3. intransitive verb,show somebody over or round the house/to his place — jemanden durchs Haus/an seinen Platz führen
1) (be visible) sichtbar od. zu sehen seinhe was angry/bored, and it showed — er war wütend/langweilte sich, und man sah es [ihm an]
2) (be shown) [Film:] laufen; [Künstler:] ausstellen"Gandhi" - now showing in the West End — "Gandhi" - Jetzt im West End
3) (make something known)time will show — man wird es [ja] sehen
Phrasal Verbs:- show in- show off- show out- show up* * *[ʃəu] 1. past tense - showed; verb1) (to allow or cause to be seen: Show me your new dress; Please show your membership card when you come to the club; His work is showing signs of improvement.) zeigen2) (to be able to be seen: The tear in your dress hardly shows; a faint light showing through the curtains.) sich sehen lassen3) (to offer or display, or to be offered or displayed, for the public to look at: Which picture is showing at the cinema?; They are showing a new film; His paintings are being shown at the art gallery.) zeigen4) (to point out or point to: He showed me the road to take; Show me the man you saw yesterday.) zeigen5) ((often with (a)round) to guide or conduct: Please show this lady to the door; They showed him (a)round (the factory).) zeigen7) (to prove: That just shows / goes to show how stupid he is.) zeigen2. noun1) (an entertainment, public exhibition, performance etc: a horse-show; a flower show; the new show at the theatre; a TV show.) die Schau2) (a display or act of showing: a show of strength.) zur Schau stellen3) (an act of pretending to be, do etc (something): He made a show of working, but he wasn't really concentrating.) der Schein4) (appearance, impression: They just did it for show, in order to make themselves seem more important than they are.) die Schau5) (an effort or attempt: He put up a good show in the chess competition.) der Eindruck•- showy- showiness
- show-business
- showcase
- showdown
- showground
- show-jumping
- showman
- showroom
- give the show away
- good show! - on show
- show off
- show up* * *[ʃəʊ, AM ʃoʊ]I. NOUNthose members who had made the most open \shows of defiance surprisingly abstained diejenigen Mitglieder, die ihre Ablehnung am deutlichsten bekundet hatten, enthielten sich überraschenderweise der Stimmehis refusal was a childish \show of defiance seine Weigerung war eine kindische Trotzreaktion\show of force Machtdemonstration f geh\show of kindness Geste f der Freundlichkeit\show of solidarity Solidaritätsbekundung f gehthe troops paraded in a \show of strength through the capital die Truppen marschierten durch die Hauptstadt, um ihre Stärke zu demonstrierendespite their public \show of unity they are close to getting divorced obwohl sie nach außen hin Einigkeit demonstrieren, stehen sie kurz vor der Scheidungare those lights just for \show? sollen die Lichter nur Eindruck machen?to make a \show of sth etw zur Schau stellenhe really made a \show of accepting the award ( fam) er hat bei der Entgegennahme des Preises die große Show [o eine Show] abgezogen fama \show of colour/flowers eine Farben-/Blumenprachtdog/fashion \show Hunde-/Modenschau fretrospective \show Retrospektive fslide \show Diavorführung f, Diavortrag m▪ to be on \show ausgestellt sein5. (entertainment) Show f; (on TV also) Unterhaltungssendung f; (at a theatre) Vorstellung f, Vorführung fpuppet \show Puppenspiel nt, Marionettentheater ntquiz \show Quizsendung f, Quizshow fradio/stage \show Radio-/Bühnenshow ftalent \show Talentwettbewerb mto stage a \show eine Show auf die Bühne bringenwho will run the \show when she retires? wer wird den Laden schmeißen, wenn sie in Pension geht? famshe prefers to be in charge of her own \show sie zieht es vor, unabhängig schalten und walten zu könnenhow did she run the \show when the company threatened legal action? wie hat sie die Angelegenheit geregelt, als die Firma mit rechtlichen Schritten drohte?I didn't like how he ran the \show during the strike mir hat es nicht gefallen, wie er mit der Situation während des Streiks umgegangen istit's her [own] \show sie ist hier der Boss [o hat hier das Sagen] famwho is running the \show?, whose \show is it? wer ist hier der Boss [o hat hier das Sagen]? famthe wedding is their \show, let them do it their way es ist ihre Sache [zu entscheiden], wie ihre Hochzeit ablaufen soll▪ the \show die Baseballoberliga8.▶ \show of hands [Abstimmung f per] Handzeichen ntlet me see a \show of hands bitte mal die Hand hochhebenlet's have a \show of hands lass uns per Hand abstimmenby [or on] a \show of hands durch Handzeichenthey put on a \show of being interested sie taten so als seien sie interessiert, sie täuschten Interesse vorII. TRANSITIVE VERB<showed, shown or showed>1. (display, project)▪ to \show sth etw vorzeigendon't ever \show yourself here again! lass dich hier ja nie wieder blicken!the photos \show them kissing and cuddling die Fotos zeigen sie küssend und in liebevoller Umarmungto \show sb one's ability jdm seine Fähigkeiten vorführento \show a film einen Film zeigen [o fam bringen]this film has never been \shown on television dieser Film kam noch nie im Fernsehento \show a flag eine Flagge hissento \show one's passport at the border seinen Pass an der Grenze vorzeigento \show sb one's ticket jdm seine Fahrkarte [vor]zeigento \show slides Dias vorführen [o zeigen]to \show the time die Uhrzeit anzeigento \show one's work ART [seine Arbeiten] ausstellenhis paintings will be \shown in the National Gallery until May seine Bilder sind bis Mai in der Nationalgalerie zu sehen2. (expose)▪ to \show sth etw sehen lassenyour blouse is \showing your bra durch deine Bluse kann man deinen BH sehenthis carpet \shows all the dirt bei dem Teppich kann man jedes bisschen Schmutz sehen3. (reveal)▪ to \show sth etw zeigen [o erkennen lassen]he started to \show his age man begann, ihm sein Alter anzusehenhe \showed no signs of improvement er zeigte keinerlei Besserungto \show courage/initiative/common sense Mut/Unternehmungsgeist/gesunden Menschenverstand beweisento \show genius/originality Genie/Originalität beweisento \show promise viel versprechend sein4. (express)▪ to \show sth etw zeigento \show a bias/enthusiasm for sth eine Vorliebe/Begeisterung für etw akk zeigento \show clemency Milde walten lassento \show compassion [for sb] [mit jdm] Mitleid habento \show compunction Gewissensbisse habento \show [sb] one's gratitude sich akk [jdm gegenüber] dankbar erweisen [o zeigen]to \show sb respect jdm Respekt erweisenyou have to \show more respect du solltest mehr Respekt zeigen▪ to \show sth etw darstellenthe map \shows where her house is auf der Karte ist ihr Haus zu sehenthis map \shows urban areas in grey auf dieser Karte sind die Stadtgebiete grau dargestelltit's \showing signs of rain es sieht nach Regen aus6. (explain)▪ to \show sb sth jdm etw zeigen [o erklären]to \show sb the way jdm den Weg zeigen7. (record)to \show a loss/profit einen Verlust/Gewinn aufweisen8. (prove)▪ to \show sth etw beweisento \show cause LAW seine Gründe vorbringenorder to \show cause gerichtliche Verfügungto \show one's mettle zeigen, was in einem steckt▪ to \show sb that... jdm zeigen [o beweisen], dass...▪ to \show [sb] how/why... [jdm] zeigen, wie/warum...9. (escort)they \showed us over the estate sie führten uns auf dem Anwesen herum10.▶ to \show sb the door jdm die Tür weisen▶ to have nothing to \show for it [or for one's efforts] [am Ende] nichts vorzuweisen habenfive years in the job, and what have you got to \show for it? du machst diesen Job nun schon seit fünf Jahren, und was hast du nun von all der Mühe?▶ to \show one's true colours Farbe bekennenIII. INTRANSITIVE VERB<showed, shown or showed>1. (be visible) zu sehen seinthe trees \show blue on these photographs die Bäume erscheinen auf diesen Fotos blaushe's four months pregnant and starting to \show sie ist im vierten Monat schwanger und allmählich sieht man es auchto let sth \show sich dat etw anmerken lassennow \showing at a cinema near you! jetzt im Kino!4. (exhibit) ausstellen* * *[ʃəʊ] vb: pret showed, ptp shown1. n1)(= display)
a fine show of roses — eine Rosenprachtthere was a strong show of resistance — es gab starken Widerstand
show of hands — Handzeichen nt, Hand(er)heben nt
to do sth for show — etw tun, um Eindruck zu schinden (inf) or zu machen
to make a great show of being impressed/overworked/pleased — sich (dat) ganz den Anschein geben, beeindruckt/überarbeitet/erfreut zu sein
without any show of emotion —
it was all show to be fond of show — es war alles nur Schau (inf) gerne prunken
3) (= exhibition) Ausstellung fdog/fashion show — Hunde-/Modenschau f
to go to a show ( esp Brit : in theatre ) — ins Theater gehen; ( US : in movie theater ) ins Kino gehen
to stop the show (lit) —
he stopped the show with his marvellous medley of old hits (fig) — der Höhepunkt der Show war sein wunderbares Medley alter Hits
See:→ steal5) (esp Brit inf)(jolly) good show! (dated) bad show! (dated) (= what a pity) — ausgezeichnet!, bravo! schwaches Bild (inf) so ein Pech!
to put up a good/poor show —
it's a pretty poor show when... — das ist vielleicht traurig or ein schwaches Bild (inf), wenn...
to give the ( whole) show away — alles verraten
2. vt1) (= display) zeigen; (COMPUT) anzeigen; (at exhibition) ausstellen, zeigen; (= demonstrate) dog vorführen; slides, film zeigen, vorführen; passport, ticket vorzeigento show sb sth, to show sth to sb — jdm etw zeigen
show me how to do it — zeigen Sie mir, wie man das macht
he had nothing to show for it — er hatte am Ende nichts vorzuweisen
I'll show him! (inf) — dem werd ichs zeigen! (inf)
See:2) (= register) (an)zeigen; loss, profit haben, verzeichnen; rise in numbers aufzeigen; (thermometer, speedometer) stehen auf (+dat); (calendar) zeigenit shows that... — es zeigt, dass...
the dial will show red if... — der Zeiger zeigt auf Rot, wenn...
3) (= indicate) zeigen; (= prove) beweisen; kindness, favour erweisen; courage zeigen, beweisen; loyalty, taste, tact, intelligence beweisen; respect bezeigen; proof erbringenthis shows him to be a thief —
I hope I have shown how silly it is — ich habe hoffentlich (auf)gezeigt, wie dumm das ist
it all or just goes to show that... — das zeigt doch nur, dass...
4) (= reveal) zeigenthe housing market is showing signs of life — auf dem Immobilienmarkt tut or rührt sich (wieder) (et)was (inf)
it showed signs of having been used — man sah, dass es gebraucht worden war
to show signs of wear — Abnutzungserscheinungen pl aufweisen
to show signs of tiredness — Ermüdungserscheinungen pl zeigen
show a leg! ( Brit inf ) — raus aus den Federn! (inf)
5) (= direct) zeigento show sb in/out — jdn hereinbringen/hinausbringen or -begleiten
to show sb out of a room — jdn hinausbegleiten, jdn aus dem Zimmer begleiten
to show sb into a room — jdn hereinbringen, jdn ins Zimmer bringen
to show sb to his seat/to the door — jdn an seinen Platz/an die or zur Tür bringen
they were shown over or (a)round the factory — ihnen wurde die Fabrik gezeigt, sie wurden in der Fabrik herumgeführt
3. vi1) (= be visible) zu sehen sein, sichtbar sein; (petticoat etc) vorsehen, rausgucken (inf); (film) gezeigt werden, laufen; (= exhibit artist) ausstellenthe pregnancy or she is now beginning to show — man sieht or merkt jetzt allmählich, dass sie schwanger ist
to show through —
2)(= prove)
it just goes to show! — da sieht mans mal wieder!4. vrto show oneself — sich blicken lassen (inf)
he showed himself to be a coward —
* * *show [ʃəʊ]A s1. (Her)Zeigen n:vote by show of hands durch Handzeichen wählen;show of teeth Zähnefletschen n2. Show f, Schau f, Zurschaustellung f:a show of force fig eine Demonstration der Macht3. (künstlerische etc) Darbietung, Vorführung f, Vorstellung f, Show f, Schau f:put on a show fig eine Schau abziehen, sich aufspielen;steal the show fig (jemandem) die Schau stehlen4. umg (Theater-, Film)Vorstellung f5. Show f, Schau f, Ausstellung f:on show ausgestellt, zu besichtigen(d)6. (Radio-, Fernseh)Sendung f7. (prunkvoller) Umzug8. fig Schauspiel n, Anblick m:make a sorry show einen traurigen Eindruck hinterlassen;make a good show eine gute Figur machen umg9. umg gute etc Leistung:good show! gut gemacht!, bravo!10. Protzerei f, Angeberei f (beide umg):for show um Eindruck zu machen, (nur) fürs Auge;be fond of show gern großtun11. (leerer) Schein:in outward show nach außen (hin);make a show of interest Interesse heucheln, sich interessiert geben;make a show of rage sich wütend stellen12. Spur f, Anzeichen n13. (Zirkus-, Theater) Truppe f14. umg Chance f:15. besonders Br umg Laden m, Sache f:a dull (poor) show eine langweilige (armselige) Sache;run the show den Laden oder die Sache schmeißen;give the (whole) show away sich oder alles verraten16. Pferderennen etc: dritter PlatzB v/t prät showed, pperf shown, showed1. zeigen, sehen lassen, seinen Ausweis, seine Fahrkarte etc auch vorzeigen, -weisen:show o.s.b) fig sich grausam etc zeigen, sich erweisen als;I’ll show him! der soll mich kennenlernen!;never show your face again! lass dich hier nie wieder blicken!;“not shown” (in Katalogen etc) „ohne Abbildung“; → card1 1 a, etcshow sb how to write jemandem das Schreiben beibringen3. sein Wissen etc an den Tag legen, zeigen4. Katzen etc ausstellen, auf einer Ausstellung zeigen5. zeigen:a) THEAT etc vorführenb) TV bringen6. jemanden ins Zimmer etc führen, geleiten, bringen:show sb about ( oder [a]round) the town jemandem die Stadt zeigen, jemanden in der Stadt herumführen;show sb over the house jemanden durch das Haus führen;show sb (a)round jemanden (herum)führen7. seine Absichten etc kundtun, offenbaren8. seine Pläne etc (auf)zeigen, darlegen9. zeigen, beweisen:10. JUR nachweisen, vorbringen:11. PHYS, TECH (an)zeigen:13. schlechten Geschmack etc zeigen, erkennen lassen, verraten14. jemandem eine Gunst etc erweisen:show sb gratitude sich jemandem gegenüber dankbar erweisenC v/i1. sichtbar werden oder sein, sich zeigen:the blood shows through her skin man sieht das Blut durch ihre Haut;2. umg sich zeigen, erscheinen3. aussehen ( like wie):show to advantage vorteilhaft aussehen* * *1. noun1) (display) Pracht, diea show of flowers/colour — eine Blumen-/Farbenpracht
show of force/strength — etc. Demonstration der Macht/Stärke usw.
dog show — Hundeschau, die
3) (entertainment, performance) Show, die; (Theatre) Vorstellung, die; (Radio, Telev.) [Unterhaltungs]sendung, die; see also steal 1. 1)4) (coll.): (effort)put up a good/poor show — eine gute/schlechte Figur machen
good show! — gut [gemacht]!
5) (coll.): (undertaking, business)it's his show — er ist der Boss (ugs.)
run the show — der Boss sein (ugs.)
give the [whole] show away — alles ausquatschen (salopp)
6) (outward appearance) Anschein, dermake or put on a [great] show of doing something — sich (Dat.) [angestrengt] den Anschein geben, etwas zu tun
2. transitive verb,be for show — reine Angeberei sein (ugs.)
1) (allow or cause to be seen) zeigen; vorzeigen [Pass, Fahrschein usw.]show somebody something, show something to somebody — jemandem etwas zeigen
have nothing/something to show for it — [dabei] nichts/etwas zum Vorzeigen haben
this material does not show the dirt — auf diesem Material sieht man den Schmutz nicht; see also colour 1. 5); sign 1. 5)
2) (manifest, give evidence of) zeigen; beweisen [Mut, Entschlossenheit, Urteilsvermögen usw.]3)show [somebody] kindness/mercy — freundlich [zu jemandem] sein/Erbarmen [mit jemandem] haben
show mercy on or to somebody — Erbarmen mit jemandem haben
4) (indicate) zeigen [Gefühl, Freude usw.]; [Thermometer, Uhr usw.:] anzeigenfrontiers are shown by blue lines and towns are shown in red — Grenzen sind durch blaue Linien und Städte sind rot gekennzeichnet
the firm shows a profit/loss — die Firma macht Gewinn/Verlust
5) (demonstrate, prove) zeigenshow somebody that... — jemandem beweisen, dass...
it all/just goes to show that... — das beweist nur, dass...
it all goes to show, doesn't it? — das beweist es doch, oder?
I'll show you/him etc.! — ich werd's dir/ihm usw. schon zeigen!
show somebody who's boss — jemandem zeigen, wer das Sagen hat
6) (conduct) führen3. intransitive verb,show somebody over or round the house/to his place — jemanden durchs Haus/an seinen Platz führen
1) (be visible) sichtbar od. zu sehen seinhe was angry/bored, and it showed — er war wütend/langweilte sich, und man sah es [ihm an]
2) (be shown) [Film:] laufen; [Künstler:] ausstellen"Gandhi" - now showing in the West End — "Gandhi" - Jetzt im West End
3) (make something known)time will show — man wird es [ja] sehen
Phrasal Verbs:- show in- show off- show out- show up* * *(cinema) n.Vorstellung f. n.Ausstellung f.Schau -en f. v.(§ p.,p.p.: showed)or p.p.: shown•) = aufweisen v.aufzeigen v.ausstellen (auf einer Messe) v.vorführen v.vorweisen v.zeigen v. -
19 действие действи·е
1) action, act; (деятельность тж.) activity, activitiesввести закон / соглашение в действие — to put the law / the agreement into effect; to bring the law / the agreement into force
оказывать действие — to have an effect (on / upon)
осудить (чьи-л.) действия — to condemn (smb.'s) actions
предпринять действия (против) — to act (against)
прекратить действие договора / конвенции — to terminate the validity of the treaty / convention
договор прекратил (своё) действие — the treaty ceased to be effective / to have effect
приводить в действие — to set (smth.) going, to put (smth.) in(to) operation / action
продлить действие конвенции — to prolong / to extend the validity of the convention
составить план действий — to map out / to work out a course / a plan of action
считать действие неправомерным с международной точки зрения — to consider an act internationally illegal
агрессивные действия — aggressive actions, acts of aggression
боевые действия — combat operations, actions
военные действия — hostilities, military operations
начать военные действия — to start / to open hostilities / military operations
предпринять военные действия — to cause hostilities / military operations
прекращение военных действий — cessation / termination of hostilities
временное прекращение / приостановка военных действий — suspension of hostilities
театр военных действий — theatre of war / hostilities / war operations
враждебные действия — hostile acts, acts of hostility
совершать враждебные действия — to be engaged in hostile acts, to commit acts of hostility
прибегать к насильственным действиям — to resort to violent means / forcible actions
незаконное действие — illegal / unlawful / wrongful act
неправомерное действие — illegal action, delict, illegitimate action
несогласованные действия — uncoordinated actions, not concerted effort
имеющий обратное действие — retroactive, retrospective; ex post facto лат.
одностороннее действие — unilateral act / action
ответные действия — retaliatory actions, retaliation; tit for tat response разг.
правомерные действия — lawful / legitimate actions
преступные действия — criminal actions / acts
принудительные действия — coercive / enforcement actions
провокационные действия — acts of provocation, provocative actions
прямые действия (забастовки, демонстрации и т.п.) — direct actions
раскольнические действия — splitting / divisive actions
секретные / тайные действия — undercover / covert actions
совместные действия — joint / united actions
согласованные действия — concerted / co-ordinated actions
целенаправленные действия — goal-oriented / directed activities
ввод в действие (предприятий и т.п.) — commissioning
действия, вызывающие возражения — objectionable actions
действие, которое задумано (которое предполагают совершить) — contemplated act
действия, наносящие ущерб — injurious acts
действие, предпринятое в соответствии со статьёй (9) — action taken pursuant to article (9)
действие, связанное с применением силы — act of force
действия, совершённые на основе недействительного / не имеющего силы договора — acts performed in reliance on a void treaty
действия, ущемляющие (чьи-л.) интересы — actions prejudicial to (smb.'s) interests
свобода действий — freedom / liberty of action, a free hand
предоставить полную свободу действий — to give (smb.) a free hand, to give (smb.) carte blanche
2) (воздействие) effectпод действием — under the influence / action (of)
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20 עת
עֵתf. (b. h.; contr. of עדת, v. עוּד; or of ענת, v. עוֹנָה I) (duration, turn, 1) ʿEth, the twenty-fourth part of an ʿonah. Tosef.Ber.I, 1; a. e., v. עוֹנָה I. 2) time. Pes.109a; מימיו לא אמר הגיע עת לעמודוכ׳ never in his life did he (R. ʿAḳiba) say, it is time to rise from (leave) the house of study, except ; Succ.28a. Ber.8a (ref. to Ps. 69:14) אימתי עת רצון בשעהוכ׳ when is the time of favor? When the congregation is at prayer. Taan.24b שמע מינה עת רצון היא I learn from this (dream) that this is an auspicious time for prayer. Yeb.72a עת רצון מילתא היא there is something in the idea of a time of favor for prayer; a. fr.מֵעֵת לָעֵת (abbrev. מעל״ע) the time of twenty-four astronomical hours. Nidd.I, 1 מעל״ע ממעטת עליד מפקידה לפקידהוכ׳ the term of twenty-four hours (of retrospective uncleanness) reduces the term of the interval from one examination to the other, i. e. we go by the shorter term whichever it may be. Ḥull.51b; Zeb.74b צריכה מעל״ע requires the intervening of twenty-four hours (before it may be slaughtered); a. fr.Pl. עִתִּים, עִתּוֹת, עִי׳. R. Hash. 28a ע׳ חלים ע׳ שוטה (Tosef.Ter.I, 3 פעמים), v. חָלַם I. Tam.I, 2 לא כל הע׳ שוות the time (for the appearance of the superintendent) was not always the same. Y.Ber.IX, end, 14d (ref. to Ps. 119:126) העישה תורתו ע׳ … מיפר ברית he who makes the study of the Law a matter of time, destroys the covenant. Sabb.31a בשעה … נשאת ונתת באמונה קבעת ע׳ לתורה when man is brought up for judgment, he is asked, hast thou been dealing with integrity? hast thou had regular times for the study of the Law? Snh.65b ע׳ ושעות, v. עוּן; a. e.לְעִיתּוֹתֵי עֶרֶב at the evening appointments (when labor is stopped, the work reviewed, wages paid), in gen. towards evening. Tosef.Ab. Zar. VII (VIII), 10; Bab. ib. 65a. Y.Ber.II, 5c top. Y.Succ.IV, beg.54b. Y.Yeb.XVI, 15d top לציצותי, Var. לציתותי (read: לציתותי ערב); a. e.
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